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HomeMy WebLinkAbout06-27-2011_Council Workshop Packet SPECIAL ACCOMMODATIONS: The City of Arlington strives to provide accessible meetings for people with disabilities. Please contact the ADA coordinator at (360) 403-3441 or 1-800-833-8388 (TDD only) prior to the meeting date if special accommodations are required. CALL TO ORDER / PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE/ROLL CALL APPROVAL OF THE AGENDA WORKSHOP ITEMS ~ NO FINAL ACTION WILL BE TAKEN 1. (15 minutes) AMC 12.52 – Grading Permits (Ordinance) ATTACHMENT A & Grading Fees (Fee Resolution) 2. (5 minutes) Washington – Lenore Waterline Bid Results ATTACHMENT B 3. (15 minutes) 67th Ave Amenities ATTACHMENT C 4. (15 minutes) EMS fee write-offs and collections ATTACHMENT D 5. (10 minutes) AMC 8.17.010 – Other Livestock ATTACHMENT E 6. (10 minutes) Results of 2011 WCIA Audit ATTACHMENT F 7. Miscellaneous Council items EXECUTIVE SESSION - Discussion of pending or potential litigation [RCW 42.30.110(1)(i)] - To review collective bargaining negotiations, grievances, or discussions regarding the interpretation or application of a labor agreement [RCW 42.30.140(4)] ADJOURNMENT To open all attachments, click here Arlington City Council Workshop June 27, 2011 – 7 PM City Council Chambers ~ 110 E. Third City of Arlington Council Agenda Bill AGENDA ITEM: ATTACHMENT A COUNCIL MEETING DATE: June 27, 2011 SUBJECT: New AMC Chapter 12.52 – Grading Permits & Proposed Grading Fees DEPARTMENT OF ORIGIN: Executive / Public Works Contact: Kristin Banfield, 360-403-3444 James Kelly, 360-403-3505 ATTACHMENTS: - AMC Chapter 12.52 - Proposed Grading Fees EXPENDITURES REQUESTED: -0- BUDGET CATEGORY: N/A LEGAL REVIEW: Complete. All comments and edits proposed by the City Attorney have been incorporated. DESCRIPTION: Staff is proposing a new addition to the Arlington Municipal Code which addresses the need to enact regulations consistent with the environmental element of the city’s comprehensive plan to protect water and earth resources, fish and wildlife habitat, and public health and safety from the potential adverse impacts associated with clearing and grading private and public land in the city. In addition to implementing goals of the environmental element, these regulations implement best management practices required to meet federal and state environmental law requirements. HISTORY: The City has been updating the Arlington Municipal Code over the course of the past year. The project should be complete and the AMC completely updated in a searchable format on the internet. Council reviewed this item in February and requested additional revisions from staff. ALTERNATIVES: Remand to staff for further revision. Council is requested to provide specific guidance should further revision be requested. RECOMMENDED ACTION: No action at this time. Title 12 Chapter 12.52 GRADING CODE Sections: 12.52.010 Purpose. 12.52.020 Definitions. 12.52.030 Permit requirements. 12.52.040 Permit issuance. 12.52.050 Expiration of permits and applications. 12.52.060 Related codes and regulations. 12.52.070 Conditions of approval – Project denial. 12.52.080 Clearing – Vegetation preservation and replacement. 12.52.090 Grading. 12.52.100 Slopes. 12.52.110 Erosion and sedimentation control. 12.52.120 Temporary restrictions on clearing and grading. 12.52.130 Dust suppression. 12.52.140 Control of other pollutants. 12.52.150 Maintenance. 12.52.160 Assurance Device. 12.52.170 Responsibility to have permit. 12.52.180 Project inspections – City access. 12.52.190 Stop work orders and corrective actions. 12.52.200 Permit revocation. 12.52.210 Final approval. 12.52.220 As-built plans. 12.52.230 Violations – Penalties. 12.52.010 Purpose. (a) The purpose of this chapter is to enact regulations consistent with the environmental element of the city’s comprehensive plan to protect water and earth resources, fish and wildlife habitat, and public health and safety from the potential adverse impacts associated with clearing and grading private and public land in the city. In addition to implementing goals of the environmental element, these regulations implement best management practices required to meet federal and state environmental law requirements. (b) These regulations focus on prevention of potential adverse impacts associated with clearing and grading activities through a proactive approach rather than remediation of (or a reactive approach to) adverse impacts. (c) It is expressly the purpose of this chapter to provide for and promote the health, safety, and welfare of the general public. 12.52.020 Definitions. (a) “Applicant” means the individual, partnership, association, or corporation applying for a permit to do work under this chapter, including the property owner, and any employee, agent, consultant or contractor acting on behalf of the applicant, and any successor in interest. (b) “Best Management Practices (BMPs)” mean physical, structural, and/or managerial practices that, when used singly, or in combination, prevent or reduce pollution of water. BMPs include, but are not limited to, structural solutions covered by the terms “best available technology” (BAT) and “all known available and reasonable methods of treatment” (AKART). (c) “Clearing” means the act of destroying, removing, or modifying vegetation by any means, including chemical, mechanical, fire or by hand. (d) “Grading Permit” means the written permission from the city of Arlington to the permittee to proceed with the act of clearing and grading within the provisions of this chapter. The grading permit includes the associated approved plans and any conditions of approval as well as the permit form itself. (e) “Colluvium” or “colluvial deposits” means a soil deposit derived from downslope movement of material from other soil formations as the result of one or more small earth slides. These deposits are typically found on steep hillsides or at the base of slopes. (f) “Director” means the Director of Public Works or their designee. (g) “Engineered fill” means soil fill which is wetted or dried to near its optimum moisture content, placed in lifts of 12 inches or less and each lift compacted to a minimum percent compaction as specified by a geotechnical engineer. (h) “Engineering Standards” means the most recent edition of the city of Arlington Public Works Design and Construction Standards and Specifications manual. (i) “Excavation” means the removal of material such as earth, sand, gravel, rock, asphalt or other buried materials. (j) “Fill” means earth, sand, gravel, rock, asphalt, or other solid material used to increase the ground surface elevation or to replace excavated material. (k) “Filling” means any act by which earth, sand, gravel, rock, asphalt, or other solid material is deposited or placed to raise the ground elevation or to replace excavated material. (l) “Geotechnical engineer” means a professional engineer currently licensed in the state of Washington, qualified by reason of experience and education in the practice of geotechnical engineering, and designated by the owner as the geotechnical engineer of record for the project. (m) “Grading” means any excavating or filling or combination thereof. (n) “Landscaping” or “landscaped areas” means land that has been modified by altering soil levels and/or vegetation for aesthetic or practical purposes. (o) “Landslide deposit” means a large mass of earth and/or rock that has moved physically down slope by gravity and broken into discrete fragments. (p) “Modular block wall” means a wall constructed of manufactured modular wall units acting as a protective facing for an exposed soil face or as a gravity retaining wall. (q) “Permanent erosion control” means permanent improvements, such as landscaping or drainage control structures, that cover the soil such that no erosion can occur. (r) “Permit,” unless noted otherwise, refers to the grading permit. (s) “Permittee” means the person to whom the grading permit is issued. (t) “Potential slide block (failure envelope)” means the area near the surface of a slope between the toe of the slope and a line drawn upward at two feet horizontal to one foot vertical from the toe to the surface of the ground above the slope, or as otherwise determined by a geotechnical engineer. (u) “Protected area” shall have the meaning set forth in AMC Chapter 20.88, now or as hereafter amended. (v) “Rainy season” means that period from November 1st through April 30th unless the director modifies these dates based on weather patterns and forecasts. (w) “Reinforced fill” or “reinforced soil” means soil fill designed by an engineer; which includes reinforcement consisting of metal or synthetic materials in bars, strips, grids or sheets. (x) “Retaining wall” means a wall designed to resist the lateral displacement of soil or other materials. (y) “Rockery” or “rock wall” means one or more courses of large rocks stacked near vertical in front of an exposed soil face to protect the soil face from erosion and sloughing. A rockery or rock wall is not considered a retaining wall. (z) “Routine landscape maintenance” means pruning, weeding, planting annuals, mowing turf lawns and other activities associated with maintaining an already established landscaped area. This definition does not include felling or topping of trees or removal of invasive plants resulting from lack of regular maintenance. (aa) “Slide” means the movement of a mass of rocks and/or earth down a slope. (bb) “Soil” means unaggregated or uncemented deposits of mineral and/or organic particles or fragments derived from the breakdown of massive rocks or decay of living matter. (cc) “Uncontrolled fill” means fill which has been placed under unknown conditions or without any controls such as geotechnical inspection or monitoring. (dd) “Unstable slopes” means those sloping areas of land which have in the past exhibited, is currently exhibiting, or will likely exhibit mass movement of earth. (ee) “Wall drain” means a drainage system behind retaining walls, rockeries, rock walls or modular block walls used to collect water moving through the soil or rock behind the wall or rockery. 12.52.030 Permit requirements. (a) A clearing and grading permit is required for a project involving any of the below activities, except as provided for in subsection (b) of this section. In applying this section, the total proposal and/or project must be considered. (1) Any clearing, filling, or excavation in a protected area. (2) Fill and/or excavation totaling over 50 cubic yards. Quantities of fill and excavation are separately calculated and then added together, even if excavated material is used as fill on the same site. (3) Over 1,000 square feet of clearing, as measured at the ground level. Clearing includes disturbance of over 1,000 square feet at grade due to felling or topping of trees. (4) Rockeries and modular block walls over four feet in height as measured from the bottom of the base rock or block. (5) The cutting down of any significant trees that provide significant precipitation storage or soil stabilization, and are required to be preserved by a city code, plat condition, or other requirement. (6) (7) Mining or mineral extraction, which must also comply with Washington State Department of Natural Resources mineral resource extraction and thresholds requiring their review and approval. (b) The following activities are exempt from the requirements for a grading permit even if the criteria in subsection (a) of this section are exceeded: (1) Agricultural crop management of existing farmed areas when BMP’s are being implemented. (2) Routine landscape maintenance of existing landscaped areas on developed lots, including pruning, weeding, planting annuals, and other activities associated with maintaining an already established landscape. (3) Work needed to correct an immediate danger to life or property in an emergency situation as declared by the mayor or the city manager or their designee. (4) Cemetery graves involving less than 50 cubic yards of excavation, and related filling, per each cemetery plot. (5) Routine drainage maintenance of existing, constructed stormwater drainage facilities located outside of a protected area, including, but not limited to, detention/retention ponds, wetponds, sediment ponds, constructed drainage swales, water quality treatment facilities such as filtration systems, and regional storm facilities that are necessary to preserve the water quality treatment and flow control functions of the facility. This exemption does not apply to any expansion and/or modification to already excavated and constructed stormwater drainage facilities. (6) Roadway repairs and overlays within public street rights-of-way for the purpose of maintaining the pavement on existing paved roadways. This exemption does not apply to curbs, gutters, sidewalks, utilities, new traffic calming devices, new roadways, or the widening of the paved surface of existing roadways. (7) Any repair, overlay, or repaving of existing parking lots or privately paved areas. This includes minor grading of paved area and asphalt removal, as long as the work will not impact drainage patterns of adjacent properties, or alter the function of an onsite stormwater management system. (8) Construction of a single family home on a lot that is ready for construction and does not need grading other than for the foundation or basement. (9) Stream or Wetland restoration projects that are identified in a watershed restoration plan or City Comprehensive plan and provide public benefit and have acquired the necessary state or federal permits. (10) Activities that have been reviewed by the Public Works Director and have been found to not have significant impact on the implmentation of the comprehensive plan elements intended to protect water and earth resources, fish and wildlife habitat, and public health and safety from the potential adverse impacts associated with clearing and grading private and public land in the city. (c) An exemption from a grading permit does not exempt the person doing the work from meeting all applicable city codes, including, but not limited to, the storm and surface water utility code (Chapter 13.28 AMC), which requires that sediment and other pollutants be kept on the subject property and out of existing drainage systems. (d) The director may categorize grading permits by different types for administrative purposes, and different fees may be charged for different types. A grading permit may be issued as a component of a site-civil permit, or other permits, rather than as a separate permit. (e) The director shall specify what submittal and application materials are required for a complete grading permit application, including the type of submittals, the required level of detail, the minimum qualifications of preparers of technical documents, and the number of copies. The director may establish different submittal requirements for different types of grading permits. The director may waive specific submittal requirements or fees if it is determined that they are unnecessary, provide a public benefit, or may require additional information if needed for review of an application. (f) As a condition of applying for a permit for a project that includes clearing and grading, the applicant shall allow the city to enter the subject property in order to evaluate the proposed clearing and grading, and to perform necessary inspections. 12.52.040 Permit issuance. (a) A grading permit when required shall be issued in conjunction with, or as part of, one or more of the following permits or approvals, except as described in subsection (b) of this section: (1) A valid building permit application; provided, that if a discretionary land use approval pursuant to the provisions of AMC Chapter 20 or environmental (SEPA) review is required, the grading permit shall not be issued until the land use approval is issued and SEPA determination made, any city appeal period has passed, and, if a city appeal is filed, until the city has made a final decision on any appeal. (2) An approved conditional use permit or planned unit development approval. (3) Preliminary plat or preliminary short plat approval, where the grading permit is approved only for infrastructure construction, and not for clearing or grading building sites. (4) Preliminary plat or preliminary short plat approval, where the grading permit is approved for clearing or grading building sites; provided, that such approval may be granted pursuant to the provisions of AMC Chapter 20. (5) An approved shoreline conditional use, shoreline substantial development permit or shoreline management exemption, provided all appeal periods pursuant to WAC 173-14-180 must have expired without the filing of an appeal. Floodplain and floodway requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) will be included with any grading or clearing in those areas identified on the Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRM), or other locally identified areas experiencing repeated inundation by flood waters. (6) A demolition permit, including a site that has been identified as having critical areas or the potential to impact water resources as long as there is adequate mitigation to protect against potential adverse impacts associated with clearing and grading associated with said demolition. (7) Inclusion of the project in the city’s approved capital improvement program. (8) A utility system extension agreement approved by the city of Arlington utilities department. (9) A site-civil permit issued by the city of Arlington Engineering Department. (10) A valid right-of-way use permit application; provided, that if a discretionary land use approval pursuant to the provisions of AMC Chapter 20 or environmental (SEPA) review is required, the grading permit shall not be issued until the land use approval is received and SEPA determination made, any city appeal period has passed, and, if a city appeal is filed, until the city has made a final decision on any appeal. (11) Completion of environmental (SEPA) review for surcharging a site or for environmental or toxics cleanup at a site; provided, that if a discretionary land use approval pursuant to the provisions of AMC Chapter 20 is required, the grading permit shall not be issued until the land use approval is issued and the SEPA determination made, any city appeal period has passed, and if a city appeal is filed, until the city has made a final decision on any appeal. (12) A Forest Practice Application that includes the removal of stumps or road creation causing the disturbance of soil quantities identified in this ordinance. (b) The director may approve issuance of a grading permit without an accompanying permit or other approval as listed in subsection (a) of this section; provided, that all of the following criteria are met (in addition to other applicable requirements of this code and other city codes): (1) The proposed grading is not related to a project for which one or more of the approvals listed in subsection (a) of this section are required. (2) Approval of the proposal will not pose a threat to or be detrimental to the public health, safety, and welfare, nor be materially detrimental to fish and wildlife habitat and/or water resources. (3) The applicant has demonstrated that approval of the proposal is necessary for the reasonable development or maintenance of the property. (4) The proposal is not in a protected area, or if in a protected area, complies with AMC Chapter 20. (5) If a discretionary land use approval pursuant to the provisions of AMC Chapter 20 or environmental (SEPA) review is required, the grading permit shall not be issued until the land use approval is received and SEPA determination made, any city appeal period has passed, and, if a city appeal is filed, until the city has made a final decision on any appeal. (c) If construction necessitates access, construction, or intrusion onto or across property not under the applicant’s control, then the applicant must provide the city with a copy of a valid construction easement or right of entry before the permit can be issued. (d) The permit may be issued to the property owner or their agent. Both the property owner and the agent will be considered the permittee and are each responsible for ensuring compliance with the terms of the permit. 12.52.050 Expiration of permits and applications. (a) An application for a grading permit for which no permit is issued within one year following the date of application shall expire by limitation and plans and other data submitted for review may thereafter be returned to the applicant or destroyed in accordance with state law. The director may, prior to expiration and receiving a written request, extend the time for action by the applicant for a period not exceeding 180 days. (b) An application for a grading permit may be cancelled for inactivity if an applicant fails, without reasonable justification, to respond to the department’s written request for revisions or corrections within 90 days. The director may extend the response period beyond 90 days if the applicant provides and adheres to a reasonable schedule for submitting the full revisions. (c) In addition to the application extension allowed in subsection (a) of this section, the director may extend the life of an application if any of the following conditions exist: (1) Compliance with the State Environmental Policy Act is in progress; or (2) Any other city or federal review is in progress; provided the applicant has submitted a complete response to city requests or the director determines that unique or unusual circumstances exist that warrant additional time for such response, and the director determines that the review is proceeding in a timely manner toward final city decision; or (3) Litigation against the city or the applicant is in progress, the outcome of which may affect the validity or the provisions of any permit issued pursuant to such application. (4) In no event may the director extend the application for a period of more than 180 days following the conclusion of the applicable condition described in this subsection. (d) Grading permits expire as follows: (1) If a building permit is issued for the same site, the grading permit shall automatically expire or be extended when the building permit expires or is extended. (2) If a civil permit is issued for the same site, the grading permit shall automatically expire or be extended when the site-civil permit expires or is extended. (3) The grading permit shall expire if the authorized work is not begun within one year from the date of permit issuance, or if work is abandoned for over 180 days. (4) If the authorized work is continually performed, the grading permit shall expire one year from the date of issuance unless a different time frame is specified on the permit or an extension is granted. One-year extensions may be granted by the director; provided, that conditions which were relevant to issuance of the permit have not changed substantially, the cost of having to re-apply for a grading permit identical to the previous permit conditions would cause an economic hardship, and no material detriment to the public welfare will result from the extension. 12.52.060 Related codes and regulations. (a) The requirements of this chapter are in addition to other city codes and regulations, including the Land Use Code (AMC Title 20). (b) In order to be in compliance with the provisions of this code, the applicant shall comply with the applicable engineering standards or equivalent standards approved by the director. In addition, the applicant shall comply with those minimum requirements for temporary erosion and sedimentation control and associated BMPs set forth in the City adopted state stormwater management manual for the Puget Sound basin and as established in the city’s Stormwater Utility code (AMC 13.28). 12.52.070 Conditions of approval and Permit denial. The director may impose conditions on permit approval as needed to mitigate identified project impacts and shall deny permit applications that are inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter. 12.52.080 Clearing and Vegetation preservation and replacement. The applicant/permittee shall: (a) Meet applicable Land Use Code requirements (AMC Chapter 20) for tree retention and vegetation preservation, disturbance limitation, and new landscaping. (b) Where required, maintain natural vegetation for erosion and sedimentation control and water quality and quantity control. (c) Mark clearing limits in the field prior to clearing vegetation. 12.52.090 Grading. The applicant/permittee shall: (a) Meet applicable Land Use Code requirements (AMC Chapter 20) related to grading, filling and excavation. (b) Protect adjacent property, including but not limited to public right-of-ways, drainage systems, natural drainages, from damage from grading, filling and excavation. 12.52.100 Slopes. The applicant/permittee shall: (a) Submit a geotechnical report, prepared by a Geotechnical Engineer licensed in the State of Washington, when required pursuant to the Land Use Code (AMC Chapter 20), Engineering Standards, or grading permit requirements. The Engineering Standards specify when a subsurface investigation is required and the level of investigation and information required in the report. (b) Comply with the Land Use Code (AMC Chapter 20) restrictions regarding steep slopes. (c) Limit the maximum gradient of artificial slopes to no steeper than 2:1 (two feet of horizontal run to one foot of vertical fall) unless a geotechnical engineering report and slope stability analysis is provided and shows that a factor of safety of at least 1.5 for static loads and 1.1 for pseudostatic loads. (d) Do no clearing, excavation, stockpiling or filling on the potential slide block of an unstable or potentially unstable slope unless it is demonstrated to the director’s satisfaction that the activity would not increase the load, drainage, or erosion on the slope. (e) Do no clearing, excavation, stockpiling or filling on any unstable or potentially unstable areas (such as landslide deposits) unless it is demonstrated to the director’s satisfaction in writing that the activity would not increase the risk of damage to adjacent property or natural resources or injury to persons. (f) Intercept any ground water, subsurface or surface water drainage encountered on a cut slope and discharge it at a location approved by the director. (g) Follow the procedures set forth in the grading permit and engineering standards. (h) Design and protect cut and fill slopes to minimize erosion. 20.52.110 Erosion and sedimentation control. The permittee shall design and implement site erosion and sedimentation control BMPs necessary to prevent sediment from leaving the project site, that is in accordance with the city’s Stormwater Utility Code (AMC 13.28), Engineering Standards, and the city’s adopted stormwater manual (volume 2). 12.52.120 Temporary restrictions on clearing and grading. (a) In the areas listed below in subsections (1) through (3) of this section, clearing and grading may be permitted to continue or to be initiated during the rainy season, only if the director grants specific approval per subsection (c) of this section. (1) Protected areas; (2) Areas identified by the city or by a geotechnical report as “erosive” or “landslide prone” soils. (3) Areas that drain, by pipe, open ditch, sheetflow, or a combination of these, directly to a stream, wetland or lake. An area is considered to drain directly to a stream, wetland or lake when it has a flow path of one-quarter mile or less where there is no intermediary permanent sediment trap or detention system between the site and the tributary waterbody. (b) If clearing and grading is prohibited during the rainy season, building construction can nonetheless proceed as long as necessary clearing and grading is complete and effective erosion control is in place and effectively maintained. (c) The director shall grant approval to initiate or continue clearing or grading activity in the areas listed in subsections (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section during the rainy season only if, based on an evaluation of site and project conditions, the director determines the proposal ensures slope stability and adequately protects receiving waters from increased erosion and sedimentation during construction. The evaluation of site and project conditions shall include, but not be limited to, an evaluation of the following: (1) Whether the clearing and grading is near completion if the project is already underway; (2) Average existing slope of the site; (3) Quantity of proposed cut and/or fill; (4) Classification of the predominant soils and their erosion and runoff potential; (5) Proposed deep utility installation; (6) Hydraulic connection of the site to features that are sensitive to the impacts of erosion/sedimentation including fish and wildlife seasonal use, breeding or migration; (7) Ability to phase clearing and grading and to create a feasible clearing and grading schedule; (8) Extent of clearing and grading BMPs proposed, and if the project is underway, the project’s track record at controlling erosion and sedimentation. (d) Determinations under subsection (c) of this section shall be made by the director on a site-specific basis. However: (1) Rainy season construction generally will be prohibited for proposals requiring large scale clearing and grading. (2) Rainy season construction generally will be approved for smaller-scale clearing and grading proposals that have limited shallow utility installation and are on sites with less than 15 percent slopes, predominant soils that have low runoff potential, and are not hydraulically connected to sediment/erosion-sensitive features. (3) Rainy season construction generally will be approved if BMPs to control erosion/sedimentation and slope stability are employed when: (A) Moderate scale clearing and grading is proposed; (B) The proposal involves deep utility installation; or (e) If a grading permit is issued, and the city subsequently issues three stop work orders (or fewer as provided in the conditions of the project permit) for insufficient erosion and sedimentation control, the permit will be suspended until the dry season, or, if violations occurred in the dry season, until weather conditions are favorable and effective erosion and sedimentation control is in place. The director may reinstate the permit within 60 days of suspension upon finding that satisfactory erosion and sedimentation control measures will be maintained by the permittee. (f) The director has the authority to temporarily stop clearing and grading during periods of heavy precipitation. (g) When clearing and grading is suspended during the rainy season or interrupted at any time of the year due to heavy rain or for other reasons, the permittee shall stabilize the site and maintain the erosion control BMPs. 12.52.130 Dust suppression. Dust from clearing, grading, and other construction activities shall be minimized at all times. Impervious surfaces on or near the construction area shall be swept, vacuumed, or otherwise maintained to suppress dust entrainment. Any dust suppressants used shall be approved by the director. Petrochemical dust suppressants are prohibited. Watering the site to suppress dust is also prohibited unless it can be done in a way that keeps sediment out of the drainage system. 12.52.140 Control of other pollutants. The permittee must properly handle and dispose of other pollutants that are on- site during construction so as to avoid possible health risks or environmental contamination. Direct and indirect discharge of pollutants to the drainage system is prohibited. 12.52.150 Maintenance. The permittee shall: (a) Regularly inspect, including on weekends, all temporary and permanent erosion and sedimentation BMPs and maintain them per the permit requirements and engineering standards so that they function as intended until the site has been permanently stabilized, and the potential for on-site erosion has passed. (b) Submit a schedule for Operation and Maintenance of all construction-related BMPs if the project is not an individual single-family home and involves more than 5,000 square feet of clearing and/or more than 50 cubic yards of excavation and/or fill. The Operation and Maintenance schedule must identify the responsible parties and provide their day and evening phone numbers. (c) Restore any BMPs that are damaged or not working properly to normal operating conditions as directed by the field inspector or within 24 hours of receiving notice from the director. 12.52.160 Assurance Device. (a) An assurance device is required for all projects issued a grading permit that are not individual single-family homes, not approved site-civil projects, not restoration projects providing public benefit, and involve more than 5,000 square feet of clearing and/or more than 150 cubic yards of excavation and/or fill. In addition, the director may require an assurance device for other projects, including individual single-family homes, that can cause problems related to earth and water resources such as erosion and sedimentation or slope instability. (b) The director shall determine the amount of the assurance device; it must be sufficient to correct or eliminate problems related to earth or water resources, on or off-site, caused by project clearing and grading. (c) The director shall determine acceptable forms (such as assignment of funds, performance bonds, or letters of credit) for assurance devices. Interest from any interest-bearing form of the assurance device shall accrue to the depositor. (d) Should the city, at any time during the life of the permit, find it necessary to expend any portion of the assurance device to correct any work not in accordance with the approved plans, or abate conditions, a stop work order shall be issued to the permittee prohibiting any additional work until the permittee re- establishes the original amount of the assurance device and implements more rigorous erosion control BMP’S to prevent reoccurrences of the problem. If the city uses any of the assurance device, it shall give the permittee an itemized statement of all funds used. If city costs exceed the amount of the assurance device, the permittee shall reimburse the city for the excess costs. (e) The city shall release the assurance device once final clearing and grading approval has been given. 12.52.170 Responsibility to have permit. Every contractor or other person working or directing work that requires a permit under this chapter must: (a) Have a copy of the permit before starting and during all phases of the work. The permit, approved plans, and applicable terms and conditions of approval shall be available on site at all times. (b) Be familiar with and comply with the terms and conditions of the permit. 12.52.180 Project inspections. (a) All projects with a grading permit are subject to city inspections to ensure compliance with the permit. As a condition of permit issuance, the applicant must grant right of entry for such inspections and city emergency corrective measures. (b) Each issued grading permit will include the following number of City inspections at no charge; - up to 100 cubic yards 3 inspections - 101 to 1,000 cubic yards 4 inspections - 1,001 to 10,000 cubic yards 5 inspections - Greater than 10,000 cubic yards 6 inspections Inspections will, at a minimum, include an initial site inspection and a final site inspection when work is complete. Inspections in excess of the number noted on the permit shall be charged at the City’s current fee schedule. The phone number and instruction for requesting inspections are on the permit. (c) The director will specify the general stages of work when city inspection is required and may require inspection and testing by an approved testing agency, to be paid by the applicant. (d) The director shall specify inspection and independent geotechnical testing requirements applicable to a given project prior to permit issuance; however, the director may require additional inspection, testing, or professional analysis and recommendations when conditions exist that were not covered in the permit application documents or were not sufficiently known at the time of permit issuance. (e) The permittee must give the director at least 24 hours of advance notice prior to needed inspections. Inspections will be scheduled for the next working day after receiving the request, except if the notice is received on Friday, the inspection will be scheduled for Tuesday. 12.52.190 Stop work orders and corrective actions. (a) The director shall notify the permittee, or person doing the work, whenever the director determines that: (1) During the life of the permit, the project is causing problems related to earth and water resources, such as sediment leaving the site or entering the drainage system; or (2) The act or intended act of clearing or grading has become or will constitute a hazard to property, safety, or the downstream drainage system, fish and wildlife, or endangers property, or adversely affects the safety, use or stability of a public way, drainage channel, street, or surface or groundwater; or (3) Clearing and grading is occurring without a required permit; or (4) The project is otherwise violating this chapter or the provisions of a permit issued under this chapter. (b) Initial notice per subsection (a) of this section may be verbal. If verbal notice is given, it shall be followed by a written correction notice if compliance is not readily achieved. When issuing a written correction notice, the director shall serve it to the persons doing the work or causing the work to be done or by posting notice on the site. Any written correction notice shall specify: (1) The work that must be done to correct the violation or abate the problem; (2) The amount of time that the permittee has to commence and complete the required corrective work; (3) That, if the corrective work is not commenced and completed within the time specified, the city will use the proceeds of the assurance device, if an assurance device was provided for the project, to have the required work completed. (c) A written correction notice per subsection (b) may include a stop work order, or a stop work order may be independently issued, whenever the continuation of work is likely to harm or pose a hazard to property, safety, fish and wildlife, or the downstream drainage system. In addition, a stop work order shall also be issued as specified in subsection (d). (1) In the stop work order, the director shall specify which work must stop (in order to prevent further damage). The director has the authority to stop all work on the site. (2) If a stop work order is issued, it shall be served to the persons doing the work or causing the work to be done or by posting notice on the site. (3) Work suspended through a stop work order cannot resume until measures are in place to prevent a reoccurrence of the problem and until continued work is authorized in writing by the director. (d) The cost of measures needed to correct damage caused by the project clearing and grading, including impacts to the downstream drainage system, shall be borne by the permittee. The permittee is required to correct on-site or off-site damages that are caused by the project per the direction of the director and within the time specified in the director’s written correction notice. Otherwise, the city, or a contractor working under the direction of the city, shall do so using funds from the assurance device, if a device was provided for the site. (e) If at any time the director determines that clearing and grading associated with an assurance device has created an emergency situation endangering the public health, safety, or welfare, creating a potential liability for the city, or endangering city streets, utilities, fish and wildlife, or property; and if the nature or timing of such an emergency precludes notification per subsection (b) of this section, the city may use the assurance device to correct the emergency situation. The city may have city employees or a contractor working under the city’s direction, do the work or make the improvements. If the city uses the assurance device as provided by this section, the permittee shall be notified in writing within five days of the commencement of emergency work. The notice must state the work that was completed and the nature or timing of the emergency that necessitated the use of the assurance device without prior notification. 12.52.200 Permit revocation. The director may revoke or suspend the grading permits whenever: (a) The permittee requests such revocation or suspension; (b) The work does not proceed in accordance with the plans, as approved, or is not in compliance with the requirements of this chapter or other city ordinances; (c) Entry upon the property for the purpose of investigation or inspection has been denied; (d) The permittee has made a misrepresentation of a material fact in applying for such permit; (e) The progress of the work indicates that the plan is or will be inadequate to protect the public, the adjoining property, the street, protected areas, the environment, the drainage system, or other utilities, or the work endangers or will endanger the public, the adjoining property, the street, protected areas, the drainage system or other utilities; 12.52.210 Final approval. The director shall give final clearing and grading approval once all work is completed per the permit. 12.52.220 As-built plans. For clearing and grading undertaken to develop plat or short plat infrastructure, the permittee shall submit a copy of the as-built plans to the engineering department for review and approval, plan(s) shall be submitted prior to grading permit final approval 12.52.230 Violations – Penalties. (a) Civil Violation. Any violation of any of the provisions of this chapter constitutes a civil violation for which a monetary penalty may be assessed and abatement may be required as provided therein. The city shall seek compliance through the civil violations code if compliance is not achieved (b) Destruction of Notice. It shall be unlawful for any person to remove, mutilate, destroy, or conceal any notice issued and posted by the director pursuant to this chapter. Plan Review Fee Permit Fee Plan Review Fee Permit Fee Plan Review Fee Additional 100 CY Permit Fee Additional 100 CY Plan Review Fee Permit Fee Additional 1,000 CY Plan Review Fee Additional 10,000 CY Permit Fee Additional 10,000 CY Plan Review Fee Additional 10,000 CY Permit Fee Additional 10,000 CY Plan Review Fee Additional 10,000 CY Permit Fee Additional 10,000 CY Arlington No Fee $25.50 Flat Fee $25.50 Flat Fee $40.00 Flat Fee $40.00 Flat Fee $40.00 Flat Fee $18.90 $53.35 Flat Fee $210.50 Flat Fee $15.70 $53.35 Flat Fee $26.50 $351.80 Flat Fee $71.40 $292.00 Flat Fee $14.40 $994.80 Flat Fee $39.50 $435.45 Flat Fee $7.85 $994.80 Flat Fee $39.50 Kenmore $28.40 Flat Fee Base Fee + Disturbed Area up to 1 acre $176.00 per acre $819.00 $28.40 Flat Fee Base Fee + Disturbed Area 1.1-10 acres $381.00 per acre $614.30 $28.40 > 500 $54.00/501 > $28.40 > 500 $39.20/501 > Base Fee + Disturbed Area 10.1-40 acres $2,916.00 per acre $360.80 $54.00 > 3000 $339.00 > 10,000 $39.20 > 3000 $26.10/3001 > Base Fee + Disturbed Area 40.1-120 acres $10,428.00 per acre $173.00 $2,159.00 > 20,000 $3,319.00 > 40,000 $3,599.00 > 80,000 $4 239 00 / $7.90 > 20,000 $2.10 > 40,000 $1.40 > 80,000 $0.60 / 80,001 + Base Fee + Disturbed Area 120.1-360 acres $22,944.00 per acre $68.70 Base Fee + Disturbed Area 360.1 and up $34,716.00 per acre $36.00 Kent 65% of grading fees Valuation $5.00 per cy Valuation up to $500.00 - $23.50 65% of grading fees Valuation $501.00 - $2000.00 $25.30/1st $500 $3.30 each additional $100.00 65% of grading fees Valuation $2001.00 - $25,000.00 $74.80/1st $2000.00 $15.10 each additional $1,000.00 65% of grading fees Valuation $25,001.00 - $50,000.00 $422.10/1st $25,000.00 $10.90 each additional $1,000.00 65% of grading fees Valuation $50,001.00 - $100,000.00 $694.60/1st $50,000.00 $7.55 each additional $1,000.00 65% of grading fees Valuation $100,001.00 - $500,000.00 $1,072.10/1st $100,000.00 $6.05 each additional $1,000.00 65% of grading fees Valuation $500,001.00 - $1,000,000.00 $3,492.10/1st $500,000.00 $5.10 each additional $1,000.00 Marysville $100.00 Flat Fee $100.00 Flat Fee $120.00 Flat Fee $120.00 Flat Fee $160.00 Flat Fee $200.00 Flat Fee $20.00 $200.00 Flat Fee $300.00 Flat Fee $40.00 $300.00 Flat Fee $40.00 $500.00 Flat Fee $60.00 $400.00 Flat Fee $60.00 $600.00 Flat Fee $80.00 $500.00 Flat Fee $100.00 $600.00 Flat Fee $80.00 Mill Creek 1% EECC* Inspection Fee 2.0% EECC* 1% EECC* Inspection Fee 2.0% EECC 1% EECC Inspection Fee 2.0% EECC 1% EECC Inspection Fee 2.0% EECC 1% EECC Inspection Fee 2.0% EECC 0.75% EECC Inspection Fee 1.5% EECC 0.75% EECC Inspection Fee 1.5% EECC Monroe $398.00 Flat Fee $253.00 Flat Fee $788.00 Flat Fee $253.00 Flat Fee $1307.00 Flat Fee $253.00 Flat Fee $2102.00 Flat Fee $253.00 Flat Fee $3138.00 Flat Fee $253.00 Flat Fee $3138.00 Flat Fee $186.00 $253.00 Flat Fee $3138.00 Flat Fee $186.00 $253.00 Flat Fee Mount Vernon No Fee No Fee No Fee $250.00 Flat Fee $250.00 Flat Fee $500.00 Flat Fee $500.00 Flat Fee $500.00 Flat Fee $500.00 Flat Fee Sedro Woolley No Fee $23.50 Flat Fee $23.50 Flat Fee $37.00 Flat Fee $37.00 Flat Fee $37.00 Flat Fee $17.50 $49.25 Flat Fee $194.50 Flat Fee $14.50 $49.25 Flat Fee $24.50 $325.00 Flat Fee $66.00 $269.75 Flat Fee $13.25 $919.00 Flat Fee $36.50 $402.25 Flat Fee $7.25 $919.00 Flat Fee $36.50 Snohomish County 0.33 per cubic yard $250 pre-Insp. $100 site review $200 basic fee 0.33 per cubic yard $250 pre-Insp. $100 site review $200 basic fee 0.33 per cubic yard $250 pre-Insp. $100 site review $200 basic fee Not to exceed $23,000 0.33 per cubic yard $250 pre-Insp. $100 site review $200 basic fee Not to exceed $23,000 0.33 per cubic yard Not to exceed $23,000 $250 pre-Insp. $100 site review $200 basic fee 0.33 per cubic yard Not to exceed $23,000 $250 pre-Insp. $100 site review $200 basic fee 0.33 per cubic yard Not to exceed $23,000 $250 pre-Insp. $100 site review $200 basic fee Plan Review Fee Permit Fee Plan Review Fee Permit Fee Plan Review Fee Additional 100 CY Permit Fee Additional 100 CY Plan Review Fee Permit Fee Additional 1,000 CY Plan Review Fee Additional 10,000 CY Permit Fee Additional 10,000 CY Plan Review Fee Additional 10,000 CY Permit Fee Additional 10,000 CY Plan Review Fee Additional 10,000 CY Permit Fee Additional 10,000 CY $100.00 Flat Fee $100.00 Flat Fee $120.00 Flat Fee $120.00 Flat Fee $160.00 Flat Fee $200.00 Flat Fee $20.00 $200.00 Flat Fee $300.00 Flat Fee $40.00 $300.00 Flat Fee $40.00 $500.00 Flat Fee $60.00 $400.00 Flat Fee $60.00 $600.00 Flat Fee $80.00 $500.00 Flat Fee $100.00 $600.00 Flat Fee $80.00 * E.E.C.C. - Engineer's Estimated Cost of Construction - includes labor, equipment, material, overhead and profit. 100,001 - 200,00 CY (includes 3 inspections)200,001 CY and up (includes 3 inspections) 50 CY or Less 50 CY or Less (includes 3 inspections)51 - 100 CY (includes 3 inspections)101 - 1,000 CY (includes 3 inspections)1,001 - 10,000 CY (includes 3 inspections)10,001 - 100,000 CY (includes 3 inspections) Arlington Proposed Fee Schedule (includes engineering review, permit fee, and inspections) Municipality Grading Fee Comparison 2010 200,001 CY and up1,001 - 10,000 CY 10,001 - 100,000 CY 100,001 - 200,00 CY101 - 1,000 CY51 - 100 CY TBDmax fee $200.00 max fee $240.00 max fee $540.00 max fee $860.00 max fee $1,700.00 max fee $2,260.00 City of Arlington Council Agenda Bill AGENDA ITEM: ATTACHMENT B COUNCIL WORKSHOP DATE: June 27, 2011 SUBJECT: Washington-Lenore Waterline Bid Results DEPARTMENT OF ORIGIN: Public Works – Utilities Division James Kelly ATTACHMENTS: • A DRAFT Bid Tab will be handed out at the June 27, 2011 council workshop EXPENDITURES REQUESTED: $400,000 ($250,000 was budgeted in 2011, but project expansion has increased cost) BUDGET CATEGORY: Water Capital Fund 405 LEGAL REVIEW: City Attorney will review bid tab DESCRIPTION: Bid Tabulation showing all received bids for the Washington-Lenore Water Main Replacement Project, these bids have not yet been qualified and are being presented for informational purposes only. HISTORY: The City’s 2011 approved budget includes $250,000.00 in water Capital Improvement funds for the replacement of under-sized and failing asbestos-concrete water main on Washington and Lenore streets. As the planning and design phase progressed, additional pipe was identified in the area that also needed to be replaced – the additional water main replacement is in 1st St and in Stillaguamish Ave. Though the requested amount exceeds the 2011 budgeted amount for this project, there are sufficient funds in the Water Capital Improvement Fund. It is intended to have this work completed before installing a cape seal on Stillaguamish Ave and before school starts. ALTERNATIVES: - Update for Council - Discussion only RECOMMENDED ACTION: Discussion only – no action is being requested at this time. At the next Council Meeting staff will provide a recommendation as to whom the contract should be awarded. City of Arlington Council Agenda Bill AGENDA ITEM: ATTACHMENT C COUNCIL WORKSHOP DATE: June 27, 2011 SUBJECT: 67th Avenue Amenities Presentation DEPARTMENT OF ORIGIN: Public Works – Jim Kelly ATTACHMENTS: • PowerPoint Presentation EXPENDITURES REQUESTED: $ 0 BUDGET CATEGORY: N/A LEGAL REVIEW: N/A DESCRIPTION: Presentation of retaining wall styles and options for the 67th Ave Rehabilitation Project, Phase 3. HISTORY: The City has been engaged in the design of upgrades and improvements to the third phase of the 67th Ave Rehabilitation Project. As part of the rehabilitation project, the retaining wall on the east side of the road has to be replaced and, in some areas, increased in size. The preferred option, as discussed with Council at an earlier meeting, was to move forward with a segmental retaining wall system. The proposed current retaining wall has several options to make it less industrial looking and more visually attractive as part of a Down Town Corridor. Council is asked for their preferred color and style of retaining wall system they would like to have installed along 67th Ave, Phase 3. ALTERNATIVES: Defer to staff for additional design/planning. RECOMMENDED ACTION: No action requested – discussion only. ® © 2008 Allan Block Corporation, 5300 Industrial Blvd., #100, Edina, MN Phone 952-835-5309, Fax 952-835-0013, AB Walls: US Pat. #5,484,236, #6,792,731, #6,322,742 & #6,854,236 Canadian Pat. #2,012,286 & #2,133,675 Australian Pat. #682,394 & #133,306 Europe Pat. #649,714 & #99,308,421.9 Germany Pat. #69,423,563.6 Japan Pat. #3,142,107 Mexico Pat. #189,846 Taiwan Pat. #NI-72269 AB Fence: US Pat. #5,623,797 & #6,082,067 Canadian Pat. #2,182,321 Int’l And Other Patents Pending DOC. #R0515-0908 AB Europa Colletion AB Collection ® AB Fence System® ® The Allan Block Collections Create stunning landscapes with the AB Collection’s classic cut stone look. With a varied combination of shapes, textures and colors, building impressive landscape walls is easy. Using the blocks individually or blend- ing them together to create AB Ashlar Blend patterns promises to give outstanding results. The AB Europa Collection offers an infinite variety of ways to successfully capture the rich, hand-laid stone effect. Use one block or a combination of the blocks to bring Old World charm and distinction to any landscape project. The AB Fence system combines the benefits of mortarless technology with the time proven performance of reinforced concrete. The AB Fence Blocks are split-faced on one side and striated on the other side to provide an architectural finish on both sides. By using the blocks together you can build beautiful patterned walls and then by reversing the split-faced and striated finish you can add another design to the pattern. Tips for Building Patterned Walls or Fence Panels Patterned walls resemble hand-laid stone walls, and will require a certain level of detail and craftsmanship to construct. Some custom fitting of blocks will be required. Plan on taking a little extra time to build, particularly when building one for the first time. Cutting Blocks • When building a patterned project, an AB Junior Lite (AB Collection) or a Half Lite Panel (AB Fence) will be needed. If these blocks are not available the half high, full length blocks that are available will need to be cut in half to create these smaller blocks. For wall projects cut an AB Lite Stone and for AB Fence projects cut a Lite Panel Block. To help speed installation, pre-cut the desired number of blocks at the start of the project. Remember to follow saw manufactures guidelines and wear protective safety glasses and mask when cutting concrete. Combining Patterns • Depending on the height and conditions, grid usage or bond beam placement of the project, you can combine the patterns to achieve the desired height. As an example, for a project 4 ft (1.2 m) tall - 6 courses of block - that requires 2 layers of geogrid, install two - 2 course patterns after the base course and a 1 course pattern at the top of the wall, install geogrid on top of the base course and after the first pattern. See Pattern Examples below for more options. Offsetting Patterns • Offset each new pattern from the pattern below to maintain the “random” appearance. Patterned Walls Only Ending Patterned Walls • Patterned walls may be ended with step-downs or turn-ins. When ending a patterned wall you will need to modify the pattern and randomly adjust as necessary to create the desired look. Curves • When building curves or if you have a project with numerous inside or outside curves, it is recommended that you use the 2 course pattern as it will be easier to work with than the 3 course pattern. Patterned Fence Panels Only Pattern Style • Reverse the blocks in the pattern for another type of style, randomness and texture. Pattern Placement • Use a single course pattern above and below the horizontal steel at all bond beam locations. Ending Panels • Randomize the pattern at each end of the panel to fit into the structural post. Ending Patterned Walls Cut an AB Lite Stone in half to create the AB Junior Lite. For the latest information, additional patterns, detailed installation, estimating tools, videos and much more visit our website at allanblock.com This project uses 2 two course patterns and a one course pattern to complete the wall. Pattern Descriptions and Examples 1 course pattern - Approximately 8 in. (200 mm) high - the height of a full size block. Use to finish off the top of a wall or fence projects where taller patterns do not work. When bond beams are needed in fence projects, this is the pattern to use. 2 course pattern - Approximately 16 in. (400 mm) high. The best pattern to use for any straight or curved wall project. The use of this pattern minimizes cutting and fitting and is the correct pattern height to accomodate grid when required. 3 course pattern - Approximately 24 in. (610 mm) high. This pattern should only be used on straight wall applications. It can be used along with other patterns at the top of the wall project where reinforcement is not required. It is a good pattern to use in AB Fence projects between the bond beams. 2.5 ft (0.8 m) tall Gravity Wall (approx. height) Wall Pattern Examples AB Fence Pattern Examples 7 full size blocks - Approx.10 ft. (3 m) 7 full size blocks - Approx.10 ft. (3 m) Base Course Base Course 3 course pattern Can only be built in sandy soil with a level slope. 4.5 ft (1.4 m) Reinforced Wall (approx. height) Can be built in sandy or clay soils. AB Collection 17 AB Classic (including base) 10 AB Jumbo Junior 10 AB Lite Stone 4 AB Junior Lite* 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 49 ft3 Wall Rock (1.39 m3) 10 ft. Drain Pipe (3.0 m) AB Europa Collection 17 AB Dover (including base) 10 AB Palermo 10 AB Barcelona 4 AB Bordeaux 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 46 ft3 Wall Rock (1.3 m3) 10 ft. Drain Pipe (3.0 m) Wall Rock used for base material, block cores and 12 in. (300 mm) behind the wall. The base material is based on placing 6 in. (150 mm)of wall rock in a trench 9 in. D x 24 in. W x 10 ft. L (230 mm D x 610 mm W x 3 m L). Finishing with an AB Cap will add 4 in. (100 mm) to the height the wall. AB Collection 25 AB Classic (including base) 12 AB Jumbo Junior 24 AB Lite Stone 24 AB Junior Lite* 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 79 ft3 Wall Rock (2.24 m3) 20 ft. Drain Pipe (6.0 m)* Geogrid as needed per plan AB Europa Collection 25 AB Dover (including base) 12 AB Palermo 24 AB Barcelona 24 AB Bordeaux 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 75 ft3 Wall Rock (2.12 m3) 20 ft. Drain Pipe (6.0 m)* Geogrid as needed per plan Wall Rock used for base material, block cores and 12 in. (300 mm) behind the wall. The base material is based on placing 6 in. (150 mm) of wall rock in a trench 11 in. D x 24 in. W x 10 ft. L (280 mm D x 610 mm W x 3 m L). Install geogrid between patterns as needed. Drain pipe includes 10 ft (3 m) for both the toe and heel drains. Finishing with an AB Cap will add 4 in. (100 mm) to the height the wall. Geogrid Reinforcement Using three 2 Course Patterns, offset from the pattern below 6 ft (1.8 m) tall Fence Panel with cap (approx. height) 7 full size blocks - Approx.10 ft. (3 m) AB Fence - 7 block panel 29 AB Panel Blocks (including base) 20 AB Half Panel Blocks 36 AB Lite Panel Blocks 24 AB Half Lite Panel Blocks 7 AB Fence Caps 2 Horizontal Steel #4 for bond beams the length of the panel Concrete grout for bond beams 20 Stirrups for bond beams Aggregate for base AB Fence pattern example is based on a 7 block space between posts with 2 required bond beam locations at the top and bottom of the panel. Quantites shown do not include materials needed for the post blocks. See the AB Fence Installation guide for more information. AB Collection v6 AB Classic 4 AB Jumbo Junior 8 AB Lite Stone 8 AB Junior Lite* AB Collection 10 AB Classic 10 AB Jumbo Junior 10 AB Lite Stone 4 AB Junior Lite* AB Collection v2 AB Classic 2 AB Jumbo Junior 6 AB Lite Stone 4 AB Junior Lite* 3 course 2 course 6 AB Dover 4 AB Palermo 8 AB Barcelona 8 AB Bordeaux AB Fence v6 Panel Blocks 4 Half Panel Blocks 8 Lite Panel Blocks 8 Half Lite Panel Blocks** 10 AB Dover 10 AB Palermo 10 AB Barcelona 4 AB Bordeaux AB Fence v10 Panel Blocks 10 Half Panel Blocks 10 Lite Panel Blocks 4 Half Lite Panel Blocks** 2 AB Dover 2 AB Palermo 6 AB Barcelona 4 AB Bordeaux AB Europa Collection AB Europa Collection AB Europa Collection AB Fence v2 Panel Blocks 2 Half Panel Blocks 6 Lite Panel Blocks 4 Half Lite Panel Blocks** Blocks Required per Pattern Section Note:The base course of any wall or fence project needs to be full size blocks. The above block counts are for the pattern section and do not include additional blocks for the base course. You will need to also include for each 10 ft. (3.0 m) of wall or fence panel length you will need 7 full size blocks; AB Dover or AB Classic for wall projects and AB Fence Panel Blocks for AB Fence. If using AB Caps on the project you will also need for each 10 ft. (3.0 m) of wall or panel length 7 AB Caps. Patterns are 10 ft. sections (3 m) 16 in. (400 mm) 1 course 8 in. (200 mm) 24 in. (610 mm) Wall Patterns Allan Block has created patterns that can be used with any of our retaining wall collections as well as our AB Fence product. Our different sized blocks are made to fit together to form beautiful patterned walls that add curb appeal to any project. To assist in block estimating and to ease the construction process there are pre-set patterns available. These patterns can be used repeatedly throughout the project by reversing or offsetting each pattern section as it is installed to help give the project a more random look. When working with the AB Collection or the AB Europa Collection, check your approved plans for geogrid place- ment. Reinforcement grid is typically required on every other course, so using the 2 course pattern is required. When using a random pattern on a reinforced wall, a level surface is required on every other course for proper grid installation. See our Landscape Walls guide for more infor- mation and installation details. If building an AB Fence project, check your approved plans for bond beam location and use the appropriate patterns to allow for this. See the AB Fence Installation Guide for additional patterns and information when working with bond beams. For the latest information, additional patterns and installation details, visit our website at allanblock.com * If an AB Junior Lite (AB Collection) is not available, cut a AB Lite Stone in half. ** If an AB Fence Half Lite Panel Block is not available, cut a AB Fence Lite Panel block in half. When building with our wall collections, this pattern should be used on straight walls or walls without two course grid spacing. Retaining wall collections 1 course pattern 1 course pattern AB Fence Cap 1 course pattern 2 course pattern 3 course pattern Base Course Bond Beam Locations This project uses 4 two course patterns to the top of the wall. This project uses a two course and a three course to complete the wall. This project uses 2 two course patterns and a one course pattern to complete the wall. Pattern Descriptions and Examples 1 course pattern - Approximately 8 in. (200 mm) high - the height of a full size block. Use to finish off the top of a wall or fence projects where taller patterns do not work. When bond beams are needed in fence projects, this is the pattern to use. 2 course pattern - Approximately 16 in. (400 mm) high. The best pattern to use for any straight or curved wall project. The use of this pattern minimizes cutting and fitting and is the correct pattern height to accomodate grid when required. 3 course pattern - Approximately 24 in. (610 mm) high. This pattern should only be used on straight wall applications. It can be used along with other patterns at the top of the wall project where reinforcement is not required. It is a good pattern to use in AB Fence projects between the bond beams. 2.5 ft (0.8 m) tall Gravity Wall (approx. height) Wall Pattern Examples AB Fence Pattern Examples 7 full size blocks - Approx.10 ft. (3 m) 7 full size blocks - Approx.10 ft. (3 m) Base Course Base Course 3 course pattern Can only be built in sandy soil with a level slope. 4.5 ft (1.4 m) Reinforced Wall (approx. height) Can be built in sandy or clay soils. AB Collection 17 AB Classic (including base) 10 AB Jumbo Junior 10 AB Lite Stone 4 AB Junior Lite* 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 49 ft3 Wall Rock (1.39 m3) 10 ft. Drain Pipe (3.0 m) AB Europa Collection 17 AB Dover (including base) 10 AB Palermo 10 AB Barcelona 4 AB Bordeaux 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 46 ft3 Wall Rock (1.3 m3) 10 ft. Drain Pipe (3.0 m) Wall Rock used for base material, block cores and 12 in. (300 mm) behind the wall. The base material is based on placing 6 in. (150 mm)of wall rock in a trench 9 in. D x 24 in. W x 10 ft. L (230 mm D x 610 mm W x 3 m L). Finishing with an AB Cap will add 4 in. (100 mm) to the height the wall. AB Collection 25 AB Classic (including base) 12 AB Jumbo Junior 24 AB Lite Stone 24 AB Junior Lite* 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 79 ft3 Wall Rock (2.24 m3) 20 ft. Drain Pipe (6.0 m)* Geogrid as needed per plan AB Europa Collection 25 AB Dover (including base) 12 AB Palermo 24 AB Barcelona 24 AB Bordeaux 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 75 ft3 Wall Rock (2.12 m3) 20 ft. Drain Pipe (6.0 m)* Geogrid as needed per plan Wall Rock used for base material, block cores and 12 in. (300 mm) behind the wall. The base material is based on placing 6 in. (150 mm) of wall rock in a trench 11 in. D x 24 in. W x 10 ft. L (280 mm D x 610 mm W x 3 m L). Install geogrid between patterns as needed. Drain pipe includes 10 ft (3 m) for both the toe and heel drains. Finishing with an AB Cap will add 4 in. (100 mm) to the height the wall. Geogrid Reinforcement Using three 2 Course Patterns, offset from the pattern below 6 ft (1.8 m) tall Fence Panel with cap (approx. height) 7 full size blocks - Approx.10 ft. (3 m) AB Fence - 7 block panel 29 AB Panel Blocks (including base) 20 AB Half Panel Blocks 36 AB Lite Panel Blocks 24 AB Half Lite Panel Blocks 7 AB Fence Caps 2 Horizontal Steel #4 for bond beams the length of the panel Concrete grout for bond beams 20 Stirrups for bond beams Aggregate for base AB Fence pattern example is based on a 7 block space between posts with 2 required bond beam locations at the top and bottom of the panel. Quantites shown do not include materials needed for the post blocks. See the AB Fence Installation guide for more information. AB Collection v6 AB Classic 4 AB Jumbo Junior 8 AB Lite Stone 8 AB Junior Lite* AB Collection 10 AB Classic 10 AB Jumbo Junior 10 AB Lite Stone 4 AB Junior Lite* AB Collection v2 AB Classic 2 AB Jumbo Junior 6 AB Lite Stone 4 AB Junior Lite* 3 course 2 course 6 AB Dover 4 AB Palermo 8 AB Barcelona 8 AB Bordeaux AB Fence v6 Panel Blocks 4 Half Panel Blocks 8 Lite Panel Blocks 8 Half Lite Panel Blocks** 10 AB Dover 10 AB Palermo 10 AB Barcelona 4 AB Bordeaux AB Fence v10 Panel Blocks 10 Half Panel Blocks 10 Lite Panel Blocks 4 Half Lite Panel Blocks** 2 AB Dover 2 AB Palermo 6 AB Barcelona 4 AB Bordeaux AB Europa Collection AB Europa Collection AB Europa Collection AB Fence v2 Panel Blocks 2 Half Panel Blocks 6 Lite Panel Blocks 4 Half Lite Panel Blocks** Blocks Required per Pattern Section Note:The base course of any wall or fence project needs to be full size blocks. The above block counts are for the pattern section and do not include additional blocks for the base course. You will need to also include for each 10 ft. (3.0 m) of wall or fence panel length you will need 7 full size blocks; AB Dover or AB Classic for wall projects and AB Fence Panel Blocks for AB Fence. If using AB Caps on the project you will also need for each 10 ft. (3.0 m) of wall or panel length 7 AB Caps. Patterns are 10 ft. sections (3 m) 16 in. (400 mm) 1 course 8 in. (200 mm) 24 in. (610 mm) Wall Patterns Allan Block has created patterns that can be used with any of our retaining wall collections as well as our AB Fence product. Our different sized blocks are made to fit together to form beautiful patterned walls that add curb appeal to any project. To assist in block estimating and to ease the construction process there are pre-set patterns available. These patterns can be used repeatedly throughout the project by reversing or offsetting each pattern section as it is installed to help give the project a more random look. When working with the AB Collection or the AB Europa Collection, check your approved plans for geogrid place- ment. Reinforcement grid is typically required on every other course, so using the 2 course pattern is required. When using a random pattern on a reinforced wall, a level surface is required on every other course for proper grid installation. See our Landscape Walls guide for more infor- mation and installation details. If building an AB Fence project, check your approved plans for bond beam location and use the appropriate patterns to allow for this. See the AB Fence Installation Guide for additional patterns and information when working with bond beams. For the latest information, additional patterns and installation details, visit our website at allanblock.com * If an AB Junior Lite (AB Collection) is not available, cut a AB Lite Stone in half. ** If an AB Fence Half Lite Panel Block is not available, cut a AB Fence Lite Panel block in half. When building with our wall collections, this pattern should be used on straight walls or walls without two course grid spacing. Retaining wall collections 1 course pattern 1 course pattern AB Fence Cap 1 course pattern 2 course pattern 3 course pattern Base Course Bond Beam Locations This project uses 4 two course patterns to the top of the wall. This project uses a two course and a three course to complete the wall. ® © 2008 Allan Block Corporation, 5300 Industrial Blvd., #100, Edina, MN Phone 952-835-5309, Fax 952-835-0013, AB Walls: US Pat. #5,484,236, #6,792,731, #6,322,742 & #6,854,236 Canadian Pat. #2,012,286 & #2,133,675 Australian Pat. #682,394 & #133,306 Europe Pat. #649,714 & #99,308,421.9 Germany Pat. #69,423,563.6 Japan Pat. #3,142,107 Mexico Pat. #189,846 Taiwan Pat. #NI-72269 AB Fence: US Pat. #5,623,797 & #6,082,067 Canadian Pat. #2,182,321 Int’l And Other Patents Pending DOC. #R0515-0908 AB Europa Colletion AB Collection ® AB Fence System® ® The Allan Block Collections Create stunning landscapes with the AB Collection’s classic cut stone look. With a varied combination of shapes, textures and colors, building impressive landscape walls is easy. Using the blocks individually or blend- ing them together to create AB Ashlar Blend patterns promises to give outstanding results. The AB Europa Collection offers an infinite variety of ways to successfully capture the rich, hand-laid stone effect. Use one block or a combination of the blocks to bring Old World charm and distinction to any landscape project. The AB Fence system combines the benefits of mortarless technology with the time proven performance of reinforced concrete. The AB Fence Blocks are split-faced on one side and striated on the other side to provide an architectural finish on both sides. By using the blocks together you can build beautiful patterned walls and then by reversing the split-faced and striated finish you can add another design to the pattern. Tips for Building Patterned Walls or Fence Panels Patterned walls resemble hand-laid stone walls, and will require a certain level of detail and craftsmanship to construct. Some custom fitting of blocks will be required. Plan on taking a little extra time to build, particularly when building one for the first time. Cutting Blocks • When building a patterned project, an AB Junior Lite (AB Collection) or a Half Lite Panel (AB Fence) will be needed. If these blocks are not available the half high, full length blocks that are available will need to be cut in half to create these smaller blocks. For wall projects cut an AB Lite Stone and for AB Fence projects cut a Lite Panel Block. To help speed installation, pre-cut the desired number of blocks at the start of the project. Remember to follow saw manufactures guidelines and wear protective safety glasses and mask when cutting concrete. Combining Patterns • Depending on the height and conditions, grid usage or bond beam placement of the project, you can combine the patterns to achieve the desired height. As an example, for a project 4 ft (1.2 m) tall - 6 courses of block - that requires 2 layers of geogrid, install two - 2 course patterns after the base course and a 1 course pattern at the top of the wall, install geogrid on top of the base course and after the first pattern. See Pattern Examples below for more options. Offsetting Patterns • Offset each new pattern from the pattern below to maintain the “random” appearance. Patterned Walls Only Ending Patterned Walls • Patterned walls may be ended with step-downs or turn-ins. When ending a patterned wall you will need to modify the pattern and randomly adjust as necessary to create the desired look. Curves • When building curves or if you have a project with numerous inside or outside curves, it is recommended that you use the 2 course pattern as it will be easier to work with than the 3 course pattern. Patterned Fence Panels Only Pattern Style • Reverse the blocks in the pattern for another type of style, randomness and texture. Pattern Placement • Use a single course pattern above and below the horizontal steel at all bond beam locations. Ending Panels • Randomize the pattern at each end of the panel to fit into the structural post. Ending Patterned Walls Cut an AB Lite Stone in half to create the AB Junior Lite. For the latest information, additional patterns, detailed installation, estimating tools, videos and much more visit our website at allanblock.com This project uses 2 two course patterns and a one course pattern to complete the wall. Pattern Descriptions and Examples 1 course pattern - Approximately 8 in. (200 mm) high - the height of a full size block. Use to finish off the top of a wall or fence projects where taller patterns do not work. When bond beams are needed in fence projects, this is the pattern to use. 2 course pattern - Approximately 16 in. (400 mm) high. The best pattern to use for any straight or curved wall project. The use of this pattern minimizes cutting and fitting and is the correct pattern height to accomodate grid when required. 3 course pattern - Approximately 24 in. (610 mm) high. This pattern should only be used on straight wall applications. It can be used along with other patterns at the top of the wall project where reinforcement is not required. It is a good pattern to use in AB Fence projects between the bond beams. 2.5 ft (0.8 m) tall Gravity Wall (approx. height) Wall Pattern Examples AB Fence Pattern Examples 7 full size blocks - Approx.10 ft. (3 m) 7 full size blocks - Approx.10 ft. (3 m) Base Course Base Course 3 course pattern Can only be built in sandy soil with a level slope. 4.5 ft (1.4 m) Reinforced Wall (approx. height) Can be built in sandy or clay soils. AB Collection 17 AB Classic (including base) 10 AB Jumbo Junior 10 AB Lite Stone 4 AB Junior Lite* 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 49 ft3Wall Rock (1.39 m3) 10 ft. Drain Pipe (3.0 m) AB Europa Collection 17 AB Dover (including base) 10 AB Palermo 10 AB Barcelona 4 AB Bordeaux 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 46 ft3Wall Rock (1.3 m3) 10 ft. Drain Pipe (3.0 m) Wall Rock used for base material, block cores and 12 in. (300 mm) behind the wall. The base material is based on placing 6 in. (150 mm)of wall rock in a trench 9 in. D x 24 in. W x 10 ft. L (230 mm D x 610 mm W x 3 m L). Finishing with an AB Cap will add 4 in. (100 mm) to the height the wall. AB Collection 25 AB Classic (including base) 12 AB Jumbo Junior 24 AB Lite Stone 24 AB Junior Lite* 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 79 ft3Wall Rock (2.24 m3) 20 ft. Drain Pipe (6.0 m)* Geogrid as needed per plan AB Europa Collection 25 AB Dover (including base) 12 AB Palermo 24 AB Barcelona 24 AB Bordeaux 7 Caps (optional/not shown) 75 ft3Wall Rock (2.12 m3) 20 ft. Drain Pipe (6.0 m)* Geogrid as needed per plan Wall Rock used for base material, block cores and 12 in. (300 mm) behind the wall. The base material is based on placing 6 in. (150 mm) of wall rock in a trench 11 in. D x 24 in. W x 10 ft. L (280 mm D x 610 mm W x 3 m L). Install geogrid between patterns as needed. Drain pipe includes 10 ft (3 m) for both the toe and heel drains. Finishing with an AB Cap will add 4 in. (100 mm) to the height the wall. Geogrid Reinforcement Using three 2 Course Patterns, offset from the pattern below 6 ft (1.8 m) tall Fence Panel with cap(approx. height) 7 full size blocks - Approx.10 ft. (3 m) AB Fence - 7 block panel 29 AB Panel Blocks (including base) 20 AB Half Panel Blocks 36 AB Lite Panel Blocks 24 AB Half Lite Panel Blocks 7 AB Fence Caps 2 Horizontal Steel #4 for bond beams the length of the panel Concrete grout for bond beams 20 Stirrups for bond beams Aggregate for base AB Fence pattern example is based on a 7 block space between posts with 2 required bond beam locations at the top and bottom of the panel. Quantites shown do not include materials needed for the post blocks. See the AB Fence Installation guide for more information. AB Collection v6 AB Classic 4 AB Jumbo Junior 8 AB Lite Stone 8 AB Junior Lite* AB Collection 10 AB Classic 10 AB Jumbo Junior 10 AB Lite Stone 4 AB Junior Lite* AB Collection v2 AB Classic 2 AB Jumbo Junior 6 AB Lite Stone 4 AB Junior Lite* 3 course 2 course 6 AB Dover 4 AB Palermo 8 AB Barcelona 8 AB Bordeaux AB Fence v6 Panel Blocks 4 Half Panel Blocks 8 Lite Panel Blocks 8 Half Lite Panel Blocks** 10 AB Dover 10 AB Palermo 10 AB Barcelona 4 AB Bordeaux AB Fence v10 Panel Blocks 10 Half Panel Blocks 10 Lite Panel Blocks 4 Half Lite Panel Blocks** 2 AB Dover 2 AB Palermo 6 AB Barcelona 4 AB Bordeaux AB Europa Collection AB Europa Collection AB Europa Collection AB Fence v2 Panel Blocks 2 Half Panel Blocks 6 Lite Panel Blocks 4 Half Lite Panel Blocks** Blocks Required per Pattern Section Note:The base course of any wall or fence project needs to be full size blocks. The above block counts are for the pattern section and do not include additional blocks for the base course. You will need to also include for each 10 ft. (3.0 m) of wall or fence panel length you will need 7 full size blocks; AB Dover or AB Classic for wall projects and AB Fence Panel Blocks for AB Fence. If using AB Caps on the project you will also need for each 10 ft. (3.0 m) of wall or panel length 7 AB Caps. Patterns are 10 ft. sections (3 m) 16 in. (400 mm) 1 course 8 in. (200 mm) 24 in. (610 mm) Wall Patterns Allan Block has created patterns that can be used with any of our retaining wall collections as well as our AB Fence product. Our different sized blocks are made to fit together to form beautiful patterned walls that add curb appeal to any project. To assist in block estimating and to ease the construction process there are pre-set patterns available. These patterns can be used repeatedly throughout the project by reversing or offsetting each pattern section as it is installed to help give the project a more random look. When working with the AB Collection or the AB Europa Collection, check your approved plans for geogrid place- ment. Reinforcement grid is typically required on every other course, so using the 2 course pattern is required. When using a random pattern on a reinforced wall, a level surface is required on every other course for proper grid installation. See our Landscape Walls guide for more infor- mation and installation details. If building an AB Fence project, check your approved plans for bond beam location and use the appropriate patterns to allow for this. See the AB Fence Installation Guide for additional patterns and information when working with bond beams. For the latest information, additional patterns and installation details, visit our website at allanblock.com * If an AB Junior Lite (AB Collection) is not available, cut a AB Lite Stone in half. ** If an AB Fence Half Lite Panel Block is not available, cut a AB Fence Lite Panel block in half. When building with our wall collections, this pattern should be used on straight walls or walls without two course grid spacing. Retaining wall collections 1 course pattern 1 course pattern AB Fence Cap 1 course pattern 2 course pattern 3 course pattern Base Course Bond Beam Locations This project uses 4 two course patterns to the top of the wall. This project uses a two course and a three course to complete the wall. ® © 2008 Allan Block Corporation, 5300 Industrial Blvd., #100, Edina, MN Phone 952-835-5309, Fax 952-835-0013, AB Walls: US Pat. #5,484,236, #6,792,731, #6,322,742 & #6,854,236 Canadian Pat. #2,012,286 & #2,133,675 Australian Pat. #682,394 & #133,306 Europe Pat. #649,714 & #99,308,421.9 Germany Pat. #69,423,563.6 Japan Pat. #3,142,107 Mexico Pat. #189,846 Taiwan Pat. #NI-72269 AB Fence: US Pat. #5,623,797 & #6,082,067 Canadian Pat. #2,182,321 Int’l And Other Patents Pending DOC. #R0515-0908 AB Europa Colletion AB Collection ® AB Fence System® ® The Allan Block Collections Create stunning landscapes with the AB Collection’s classic cut stone look. With a varied combination of shapes, textures and colors, building impressive landscape walls is easy. Using the blocks individually or blend- ing them together to create AB Ashlar Blend patterns promises to give outstanding results. The AB Europa Collection offers an infinite variety of ways to successfully capture the rich, hand-laid stone effect. Use one block or a combination of the blocks to bring Old World charm and distinction to any landscape project. The AB Fence system combines the benefits of mortarless technology with the time proven performance of reinforced concrete. The AB Fence Blocks are split-faced on one side and striated on the other side to provide an architectural finish on both sides. By using the blocks together you can build beautiful patterned walls and then by reversing the split-faced and striated finish you can add another design to the pattern. Tips for Building Patterned Walls or Fence Panels Patterned walls resemble hand-laid stone walls, and will require a certain level of detail and craftsmanship to construct. Some custom fitting of blocks will be required. Plan on taking a little extra time to build, particularly when building one for the first time. Cutting Blocks • When building a patterned project, an AB Junior Lite (AB Collection) or a Half Lite Panel (AB Fence) will be needed. If these blocks are not available the half high, full length blocks that are available will need to be cut in half to create these smaller blocks. For wall projects cut an AB Lite Stone and for AB Fence projects cut a Lite Panel Block. To help speed installation, pre-cut the desired number of blocks at the start of the project. Remember to follow saw manufactures guidelines and wear protective safety glasses and mask when cutting concrete. Combining Patterns • Depending on the height and conditions, grid usage or bond beam placement of the project, you can combine the patterns to achieve the desired height. As an example, for a project 4 ft (1.2 m) tall - 6 courses of block - that requires 2 layers of geogrid, install two - 2 course patterns after the base course and a 1 course pattern at the top of the wall, install geogrid on top of the base course and after the first pattern. See Pattern Examples below for more options. Offsetting Patterns • Offset each new pattern from the pattern below to maintain the “random” appearance. Patterned Walls Only Ending Patterned Walls • Patterned walls may be ended with step-downs or turn-ins. When ending a patterned wall you will need to modify the pattern and randomly adjust as necessary to create the desired look. Curves • When building curves or if you have a project with numerous inside or outside curves, it is recommended that you use the 2 course pattern as it will be easier to work with than the 3 course pattern. Patterned Fence Panels Only Pattern Style • Reverse the blocks in the pattern for another type of style, randomness and texture. Pattern Placement • Use a single course pattern above and below the horizontal steel at all bond beam locations. Ending Panels • Randomize the pattern at each end of the panel to fit into the structural post. Ending Patterned Walls Cut an AB Lite Stone in half to create the AB Junior Lite. For the latest information, additional patterns, detailed installation, estimating tools, videos and much more visit our website at allanblock.com anchorwall.com BeyondExpectations Performance Products and services for the s tructural Wall Market ANChoRWALL.CoM anchorwall.com Realize Your Vision anchor Wall engineering In the past 15 years, the Anchor Wall Engineering (AWE) staff of professional engineers and CAD technicians has solved countless design challenges and provided preliminary and final designs for more than 50 million square feet of retaining wall around the world. AWE engineers are licensed to provide certified drawings in several U.S. states. And with the innovative AnchorWall™ design software, designers can transfer a conceptual layout to a comprehensive wall solution that includes shop drawings, materials takeoffs and final designs in many states. DIAMOND PRO STONE CUT® RETAININg wAll SYSTEM Master Engineering Meets Attractive Design Building a commercial retaining wall needs expert engineering, and this is where Anchor wall Engineering is ready for the job. For this project, a high-end residential and commercial development, Anchor wall Engineering designed a 12,000-square-foot retaining wall that would support a convenience store and gas station. Several separate terraced walls surrounding a drainage pond total 26,634 square feet of retaining wall product. The Diamond Pro Stone Cut® wall system was selected to bring a premium, aesthetically pleasing look to the project. |2 Realize Your Vision anchor Wall engineering when it comes to the big-wall market, Anchor wall Systems does a lot more than design beautiful retaining wall products. Anchor offers the complete package of products that meet engineering professionals’ needs to create great-looking, long-lasting, structurally sound walls and creative construction techniques for challenging site circumstances. The Anchor product line includes the best-selling Diamond Pro® retaining wall system, a staple of the construction industry, and the Diamond Pro Stone Cut® wall system, which brings a rich, premium look to the Diamond Pro product. Additionally, the Vertica® and Vertica Pro® retaining wall systems are trusted, versatile industry favorites; the Vertica Stone Cut® product features a textured appearance. Anchor also offers the Landmark retaining wall system, the only segmental retaining wall system in the world that has undergone the rigorous appraisal of the highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center and that has been approved for use by the British Board of Agrément. Several Anchor retaining wall systems have been approved for use by many Departments of Transportation (DoTs) across the United States. Anchor Wall Systems develops attractive, durable and easy-to-install retaining wall systems. The company licenses its designs, which are backed by extensive testing and research, to more than 50 manufacturers in 21 countries who then market to contractors and homeowners through landscape supply dealers and big-box retailers. The end result is anything that can be imagined: innovative, lasting landscapes and environmentally sound walls that let consumers and contractors design – and build – something beautiful. lANDMARk RETAININg wAll SYSTEM VERTICA® RETAININg wAll SYSTEM |3 anchorwall.com Inspiration at First Sight Crafting a more beautiful world often demands a rich palette of colors and textures. That is precisely what Anchor wall Systems offers with the creation of the Diamond Pro Stone Cut® and the Vertica Stone Cut® retaining wall systems. Renowned for their rough-hewn faces and earthen tones, the Diamond Pro Stone Cut and the Vertica Stone Cut retaining wall systems impart to landscapes a beauty not commonly found in retaining walls. For greater visual appeal, these blocks have an affinity with nature, enriching projects with warmth and character. What’s more, the Diamond Pro Stone Cut product is available in multiple sizes, making curves easier to create, thus allowing more specialized applications. Even better, they’re only two of the many block options available within the Anchor Wall Systems family of wall products – all of which deliver the distinct appearance and structural integrity needed to meet any requirement of segmental retaining walls. DIAMOND PRO STONE CUT RETAININg wAll SYSTEM DIAMOND PRO STONE CUT RETAININg wAll SYSTEM |4 VERTICA STONE CUT® RETAININg wAll SYSTEM DIAMOND PRO STONE CUT RETAININg wAll SYSTEM DIAMoND PRo SToNE CUT® RETAININg WALL SySTEM Meeting the New Expectation Home buyers’ expectations aren’t limited to the interior; they also insist on landscapes that please. According to Floyd Calhoun, a large residential developer, “The surrounding area has to be attractive. with the Diamond Pro Stone Cut retaining wall system, the style, aesthetics and quality are all there. It’s an awesome product. The rounded corners and distressed face are perfect. And the color – I couldn’t have custom-ordered a better color for the setting.” |5 DIAMOND PRO STONE CUT® RETAININg wAll SYSTEMlANDMARk RETAININg wAll SYSTEM Crafted for Critical Applications DIAMoND PRo SToNE CUT® RETAININg WALL SySTEM Bridging the gap For a true test of segmental retaining wall strength, few projects are more demanding than land bridges. At Armistead Point, a development in williamsburg, Virginia, engineers designed a land bridge that is 240 feet long and 15 feet wide, and provides a 250 psf traffic live load at its crest. A load transfer platform and the Diamond Pro Stone Cut® retaining wall system were chosen for the wall. anchorwall.com|6 DIAMOND PRO STONE CUT® RETAININg wAll SYSTEM Crafted for Critical Applications Proven performance with legendary strength. That’s the legacy of Anchor™ retaining wall systems. Architects, engineers and contractors all turn to the Diamond Pro® retaining wall system for their critical wall needs. Especially now that it offers the same proven reliability and the attractive look of quarried stone with the Diamond Pro Stone Cut® product. The performance characteristics of the Diamond Pro Stone Cut, Diamond Pro, Vertica® and Landmark retaining wall systems make them the proven solution for tall walls, transportation projects, commercial developments, water applications and other critical wall needs. Whether your site plans call for the creative use of a slope, retaining earth in a challenging environment or enhancing an area’s appearance, there’s no better choice than trusted Anchor products. DIAMOND PRO STONE CUT RETAININg wAll SYSTEM |7 anchorwall.com 1-877-295-5415 anchorwall.com 1-877-295-5415 Specialty Applications In many retaining wall applications, sufficient space does not exist behind the face units to allow excavation and subsequent placement of geosynthetic reinforcement. In these applications, the Anchorplex™ retaining wall system and the landmark direct-anchorage retaining anchorwall.com|8 anchorPlex™ retaining Wall systeM The Anchorplex retaining wall system offers a unique, nonconventional solution to problematic wall construction sites. It is a retaining wall built with Anchor™ products and self-compacting structural backfill specified by Anchor wall Systems, and backed by engineering support tools developed by Anchor. When used in combination with blocks of the appropriate shape, the structural backfill attaches itself to the wall facing, effectively extending the depth and increasing the mass of the facing. In addition to reinforcing the block facing, the structural backfill zone also serves as the required drainage zone. Using the Anchorplex retaining wall system completely eliminates the need for the construction of a mechanically stabilized earth zone behind the wall facing and requires substantially less excavation than is usually necessary in grid-reinforced wall construction. Because of these efficiencies and the design flexibility afforded with the Anchorplex system, millions of square feet of such walls have been installed and are successfully performing worldwide. anchorwall.com 1-877-295-5415 anchorwall.com 1-877-295-5415 Specialty Applications wall system are more aesthetically pleasing and less costly alternatives to the conventional cast-in-place concrete that would often be used in such situations. |9 anchorPlex™ retaining Wall systeM landMark direct-anchorage systeM Direct anchorage consists of an anchor (e.g., soil nail) installed into the ground and connected to galvanized steel beams (walers) placed within the horizontal cavity in the landmark retaining wall blocks, which were specifically designed to accommodate them. Each steel beam spans two adjacent anchors, transferring the load from the segmental retaining wall units to the anchors. The space between the excavated face and the Landmark units is filled with free-draining aggregate. In addition to transferring stresses from the retained soil to the block, the fill is selected to provide drainage between the excavated surface and the wall face. Since the Landmark units are not mortared, but interlocked, hydrostatic pressure is released through the joints in the blocks as well as the drain outlets typically placed along the bottom of the wall. All Anchor™ retaining wall products feature integral locators to ensure quick, easy and accurate installation. DiamonD Pro Stone cut® RETAININg wAll SYSTEM DiamonD Pro® RETAININg wAll SYSTEM DiamonD Pro Stone cut anD DiamonD Pro PRODUCT ACCESSORIES no pins. no mortar. no misalignments. Rear-lip locator invented by Anchor makes installation fast and accurate. Anchor — the original rear-lip product! units large medium Small Approximate Dimensions* 8" x 18" x 12" 8" x 11" x 12" 8" x 7" x 12" Approximate Weight* 77 lbs. 45 lbs. 34 lbs. Coverage 1.00 sq. ft. 0.61 sq. ft. 0.39 sq. ft. Setback/System Batter 1"/7.1˚ 1"/7.1˚ 1"/7.1˚ units Beveled Face Straight Face Approximate Dimensions* 8" x 18" x 12" 8" x 18" x 12" Approximate Weight* 72 lbs. 74 lbs. Coverage 1.00 sq. ft. 1.00 sq. ft. Setback/System Batter 1"/7.1˚ 1"/7.1˚ SEE BELoW FoR oPTIoNAL ACCESSoRIES. SEE BELoW FoR oPTIoNAL ACCESSoRIES. accessories cap corner Approximate Dimensions* Front, 4" x 171/4" x 103/8" 8" x 18" x 9" Back, 4" x 12" x 103/8" 8" x 18" x 9" Approximate Weight* 47 lbs. 101 lbs. Coverage 1.22 lin. ft. 1.50 sq. ft. *Product dimensions are height by face length by depth. Actual dimensions and weights may vary from these approximate values due to variations in manufacturing processes. Specifications may change without notice. See your Anchor representative for details, color options, block dimensions and additional information. anchorwall.com|10 lasting Beauty Shouldn’t Take l ong to Install rear-liP locator Products lug locator Products vertica® RETAININg wAll SYSTEM vertica Pro® RETAININg wAll SYSTEM vertica Stone cut® RETAININg wAll SYSTEM vertica, vertica Pro anD vertica Stone cut PRODUCT ACCESSORIES lanDmark RETAININg wAll SYSTEM units Straight Face Beveled Face Straight Face Beveled Face Approximate Dimensions* 8" x 18" x 12" 8" x 18" x 12" 8" x 18" x 20" 8" x 18" x 20" Approximate Weight* 89 lbs. 87 lbs. 115 lbs. 112 lbs. Coverage 1.00 sq. ft. 1.00 sq. ft. 1.00 sq. ft. 1.00 sq. ft. Setback/System Batter 9/16"/4˚ 9/16"/4° 9/16"/4° 9/16"/4˚ units wall cap corner Approximate Dimensions* 8" x 18" x 12" Front, 4" x 171/4" x 103/8" 8" x 18" x 20" Back, 4" x 12" x 10 3/8" 8" x 18" x 20" Approximate Weight* 89 lbs. 41 lbs. 115 lbs. Coverage 1.00 sq. ft. 1.22 lin. ft. 1.50 sq. ft. Setback/System Batter 9/16"/4˚ 9/16"/4˚ units Full tapered Full tapered half–high Foundation Approximate Dimensions* 15" x 8" x 125⁄8" 15" x 8" x 155⁄8" 71/2" x 8" x 123⁄16" 71/2" x 8" x 113⁄4" 15" x 8" x 117⁄8" 15" x 8" x 117⁄8" 71/2" x 8" x 113⁄16" Approximate Weight* 85 lbs. 80 lbs. 50 lbs. 48 lbs. Coverage 0.83 sq. ft. 0.83 sq. ft. 0.42 sq. ft. 0.42 sq. ft. Setback/System Batter 1"/3.8˚ 1"/3.8° 1/2"/3.8° 1/2"/0˚ accessories corner cap lock Bar Approximate Dimensions* Front, 71⁄2 " x 17 1⁄2" x 9" 33⁄4" x 171/4" x 103⁄8" Length 5'4" Back, 71⁄2" x 171⁄2" x 9" 33⁄4" x 11" x 103⁄8" Material Extruded polymer Approximate Weight* 87 lbs. 43 lbs. Coverage 1.41 sq. ft. 1.18 lin. ft. |11 lasting Beauty Shouldn’t Take l ong to Install lug locator Products flange locator Products © 2010 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Anchorplex™, Diamond Pro®, Diamond Pro Stone Cut®, Landmark, Vertica® and Vertica Pro® wall systems are manufactured under license from Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. (AWS). The “Anchor Build Something Beautiful” logo, “Anchorplex,” ” Diamond Pro,” “Diamond Pro Stone Cut,” “Landmark,” Vertica,” “Vertica Pro” and “Vertica Stone Cut” are trademarks of AWS. The wall system blocks are covered by the AWS Limited Warranty. For a complete copy, visit your local dealer or see anchorwall.com. Anchor Wall Systems, Inc., 5959 Baker Road, Suite 390, Minnetonka, MN 55345 A&B1012 EW1005 08/10 KEYSTONE SMALL RESIDENTIAL IDEA BOOK 2 • www.keystonewalls.com An outdoor landscape,whether created for a new home or to enhance a current environment,adds beauty,value and warmth to any residence.The Keystone Small Residential Idea Book features real-life examples of beautiful Keystone retaining wall projects that are creative,easy-to-install and durable. With extensive style,color and texture options,there is a Keystone product to perfectly complement and enhance any environ- ment.Also,Keystone's patented product designs ensure strong walls that resist settling and shifting when properly installed. For more than 20 years,Keystone Retaining Wall Systems,Inc.has set the worldwide standard for excellence and innovation within the segmental retaining wall industry.Symbolizing cutting-edge design,performance and aesthetics,Keystone prod- ucts and services offer the best site solutions for governmental,commercial/industrial,recreational,public works and residen- tial applications.Keystone is a subsidiary of CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions Inc.(ESS). To learn more about the innovative products and services of Keystone Retaining Wall Systems,Inc.,please visit our website at www.keystonewalls.com or call 800-747-8971. Introduction www.keystonewalls.com • 3 • Unit dimensions: 3"H x 5.25"D x 8"W (75mm x 135mm x 200mm) • Each Keystone Sedona Stone unit weighs only 8 lbs making it fast and easy to install by yourself. *Size,unit weight,color and availability may vary by region. Keystone Sedona Stone® • Unit dimensions: 4"H x 9"D x 12"W (100mm x 230mm x 300mm) • Each unit has a face area of 1/3 square foot; 3 units equal 1.0 sq.ft.face area. *Size,unit weight,color and availability may vary by region. Keystone Garden Wall • Unit dimensions: 6"H x 10 3/8"D x 16"W (150mm x 260mm x 400mm) • Exposed face area: 2/3 sq.ft.per unit *Size,unit weight,color and availability may vary by region. Keystone Legacy Stone® 4 • www.keystonewalls.com Keystone lipped products are lightweight and easy-to-handle.No special tools are required and the secure,interlocking design makes installation easy.These units are made of high-strength,low-absorption concrete to provide permanent, environmentally safe walls that are virtually maintenance free.Keystone lipped products have the natural complement of quarried stone and are available in a wide variety of colors that blend with any landscape. Keystone Lipped Products www.keystonewalls.com • 5 Keystone Landscape Series of Products *Size,unit weight,color and availability may vary by region.The Keystone Landscape Series of Products are new and not yet available in all markets.Contact your local Keystone representative for additional information. Keystone’s Landscape Series of Products is specifically designed to provide a superior,natural stone aesthetic in easy- to-install and affordable products.While each product has an individual look,all utilize Keystone’s patented,molded fiberglass pin connection method system.This pin connection system provides additional structural integrity and per- formance and allows for easier alignment.The Keystone Landscape Series of Products provides the ultimate in design flexibility.Every product in the Landscape Series allows for near vertical or positive setback and can be used in multi- ple wall positions. • 4" H x 8" D x 12/9" W • Approx.25 lbs each • 2 pins per unit •Angled on both sides providing different face lengths; finished on two sides allowing for a random-pattern look without multiple pieces Keystone Palazzo Stone® • 4" H x 8" D x 4/5" W,5/6" W,10/11" W, 11/12" W • Approx.10 lbs,15 lbs,25 lbs,30 lbs each • 2 pins per unit • Four different sized units for highest degree of random layout Keystone Potenzo Stone® • 6" H x 10 1/2" D x 16/12" W • Approx.68 lbs each • 2 pins per unit • Finished on two sides allowing for a random-pattern look without multiple pieces; angled on both sides providing different face lengths Keystone Verazzo Stone™ Keystone Tree Rings 6 • www.keystonewalls.com Keystone Border Walls www.keystonewalls.com • 7 Keystone Steps & Staircases 8 • www.keystonewalls.com Keystone Steps & Staircases www.keystonewalls.com • 9 Keystone Terraced & Tiered Walls 10 • www.keystonewalls.com Unique Keystone Applications www.keystonewalls.com • 11 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems,Inc.• A CONTECH Company 4444 West 78th Street,Minneapolis,MN 55435 (952) 897-1040 • (952) 897-3858 fax •www.keystonewalls.com We reserve the right to improve our products and make changes in the specifications and design without notice. The information contained herein has been compiled by KEYSTONE and to the best of our knowledge,accurate- ly represents the KEYSTONE product use in the applications which are illustrated. Final determination of the suitability for the use contemplated and its manner of use are the sole responsibility of the user. ©2008 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems,Inc. KRIB-01 Distributed by: www.contechess.com Standard www.versa-lok.com Design & Installation Guidelines Welcome This guide is intended to illustrate design and construction capabilities of the VERSA-LOK® Standard Retaining Wall System. There are many variables to consider, however, when planning or constructing any segmental retaining wall. Soil types, drainage, loading, topography and height need to be addressed on every project to ensure safe, trouble-free installation. Walls which support heavy loads or exceed 4 feet in height require special soil reinforcement and often professionally designed plans. Consult a qualified engineer if you are unsure about any construction, site or soil conditions. VERSA-LOK offers a variety of technical support, including in-house engineering assistance and reference literature. Please call 800-770-4525 with questions or to request the following: You also can download Technical Bulletins, product specifications and details from the VERSA-LOK website at www.versa-lok.com. • Technical Bulletin #1 Shoreline, Waterway and Retention Pond Protection • Technical Bulletin #2 Stairs • Technical Bulletin #3 Curves and Corners • Technical Bulletin #4 Caps • Technical Bulletin #5 Base Installation • Technical Bulletin #6 Freestanding Walls, Columns and Vertical Walls • Technical Bulletin #7 Tiered Walls • Technical Bulletin #8 Fences, Railings and Traffic Barriers Also available from VERSA-LOK: • Design and Installation Guidelines - VERSA-LOK Mosaic® • Technical Documentation for Versa-Grid® Soil Reinforcement • VERSA-LOK Standard and Mosaic Construction Details CD-Rom containing specifications and drawings created with AutoCAD® software AutoCad is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES1 Welcome to the VERSA-LOK Standard Retaining Wall System Design and Installation Guidelines. 1 Introduction & Unit Specifications 2 System Overview 3 Wall Components • Typical Section • Foundation • Embedment • Soils and Compaction • Drainage Within Walls • Surface Drainage • Geosynthetic Reinforcement 4 Engineering 5 Special Design Considerations • Shorelines • Loads Behind Walls • Slopes • Tiering 6 Planning, Estimating & Final Designs 7 Wall Construction • Tools • Unit Modification • Excavation • Leveling Pad • Base Course • Additional Courses • Drainage Materials • Compacted Soil Backfill • Geosynthetic Soil Reinforcement • Caps 8 Basic Wall Design Elements • Curves • Corners • Stepped Base • Stepped Wall Top • Returns 9 Advanced Wall Features • Stairs • Freestanding Walls • Columns • Guardrails, Railings and Traffic Barriers SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION Material Estimation Worksheet VERSA-Grid® Estimation Charts VERSA-LOK Standard Specifications VERSA-LOK Standard Construction Detail Drawings 3 5 6 11 13 15 16 25 29 31 32 33-39 40-46 Table of Contents 2VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES This guide demonstrates the exceptional design capabilities and easy installation methods of the VERSA-LOK Standard Retaining Wall System. Introduction & Unit Specifications The VERSA-LOK Standard Retaining Wall System is a permanent, attractive, preferred alternative to ordinary retaining wall types. Standard walls display a natural split-face texture to complement any environment and, because they are made of concrete, are environmentally safe. VERSA-LOK Standard retaining walls are economically installed without mortar and do not require concrete footings. In addition, one Standard unit is used to build straight walls, inside corners, outside corners, curves and stairs. No special units need to be ordered or estimated. Matching concrete caps are available to attractively finish any VERSA-LOK Standard wall. The VERSA-LOK Standard System has earned widespread approval from architects, engineers and contractors. It provides unlimited design flexibility, unsurpassed durability and fast installation. The VERSA-LOK Standard system may be easily installed by contractors, grounds maintenance personnel or municipal construction crews. VERSA-LOK Standard retaining wall units are ideal for residential, commercial and agency projects. They are routinely used by many state transportation departments and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Properly designed, Standard walls may be constructed to heights in excess of 50 feet. VERSA-LOK Standard solid retaining wall units are made from high-strength, low-absorption concrete on standard block machines. Solid characteristics make Standard units resistant to damage before, during and after construction in all climates. Holes and slots molded into units accept VERSA-TUFF® Pins, which are non-corrosive, glass-reinforced nylon pins. Pins interlock units and help provide consistent alignment. This unique hole-to-slot pinning system permits easy variable-bond construction—keeping vertical joints tight. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES3 1 VERSA-LOK® Standard units can be used to build walls in excess of 50 ft. when using appropriate geosynthetic reinforcement and proper design. 4VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES Introduction & Unit Specifications 1 VERSA-LOK STANDARD UNITS (Actual unit size and weight may vary slightly by region.) Standard units are made from high-strength, low-absorption concrete on concrete block machines. The Standard units’ solid characteristics make them resistant to damage before, during and after construction in all climates, including shoreline applications. Solid VERSA-LOK Standard units provide superior durability and construction stability. Height: 6 inches 152.4 mm Width (face): 16 inches 406.4 mm Width (rear): 14 inches 355.6 mm Depth: 12 inches 304.8 mm Face Area: 2/3 ft2 0.062 m2 Volume: .63 ft3 0.018 m3 Weight: 82 ibs. 37.19 kg Wgt/Face Area: 123 i bs./ft2 599.84 kg/m2 VERSA-TUFF® PIN Length: 6.8 inches 172.7mm Diameter: .48 inches 12.2 mm Material: glass-Reinforced nylon VERSA-LOK CAP UNITS Height: 3-5/8 inches 92.1 mm Width (face): 14 inches 355.6 mm Width (rear): A Cap 12 inches 304.8 mm B Cap 16 inches 406.4 mm Depth: 12 inches 304.8 mm Weight: A Cap 40 lbs. 18.14 kg B Cap 50 lbs. 22.68 kg VERSA-LOK ® Standard System Overview Pinning VERSA-LOK Standard units interlock with non- corrosive VERSA-TUFF® Pins (two per unit). As wall courses are installed, pins are inserted through holes in uppermost course units and are received in slots of adjacent lower course units. Pinning helps to align units in a consistent 3/4-inch setback per course. Unreinforced Walls On many projects, VERSA-LOK Standard retaining walls work purely as gravity systems; unit weight alone provides resistance to earth pressures. Frictional forces between units and pin connections hold units together so walls behave as coherent structures. Batter setback of wall faces offers additional resistance against overturning. Maximum allowable wall height for gravity walls varies with soil and loading conditions. Generally, with level backfill, good soils and no excessive loading, VERSA-LOK Standard gravity walls are stable to heights of 4 feet. Reinforced Walls When weight of units alone is not enough to resist soil loads, horizontal layers of geosyn- thetics are used to reinforce soil behind walls. With proper soil reinforcement and design, VERSA-LOK Standard walls can be constructed to heights in excess of 50 feet. Geosynthetics do not act as tie-backs for wall faces. Rather, geosynthetics and soil combine to create reinforced soil structures that are strong and massive enough to resist forces exerted on them. In soil-reinforced walls, Standard units simply retain soil between layers of geosynthetics and provide attractive, durable faces. Refer to next page VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES5 2 VERSA-LOK Standard units have a unique hole-to-slot pinning system for easy installation and superior structural integrity. 6VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Components 3 Reinforced Wall Typical Section This cross section illustrates typical components of VERSA-LOK Standard retaining walls. Mortarless Standard walls are installed on granular leveling pads and do not require concrete footings below frost. The amount and layout of drainage materials and geosynthetic soil reinforcement is site/soil dependent and should be designed by a qualified engineer. The 3/4-inch setback of each unit creates a cant of approximately 7 degrees. Canted walls are structurally more stable than vertical walls because gravitational forces “pull” walls into retained soil. VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Components Foundation Foundation soils upon which segmental retaining walls will rest must be stiff, firm, and have sufficient capacity to support wall system weight. Any loose, soft or compressible material must be removed and replaced with properly compacted backfill. The bearing capacity of the foundation soils should be addressed by a soils engineer. VERSA-LOK Standard retaining walls are installed on leveling pads consisting of coarse sand or well-graded angular gravel. The most commonly used material for leveling pads is that which is used locally as road base aggregate. Granular leveling pads provide stiff, yet somewhat flexible, bases to distribute wall weights. Rigid concrete footings extending below frost are not required or recommended. Because Standard units are installed without mortar, they are free to move slightly in relation to each other. Flexibility of the leveling pads and wall units accommodates freeze/thaw cycles without damage to structures. VERSA-LOK Standard walls, installed on granular leveling pads, have been successfully used on projects throughout North America—including shoreline applications and walls exceeding 50 feet in height. Compacted granular leveling pads provide a stiff but flexible base. If a contractor chooses to form leveling pads using concrete, unreinforced pads should be made of lean concrete mix (200-300 psi) and no more than 2 inches thick. To ensure correct Standard unit alignment, special care needs to be taken to construct concrete pads that are exactly level. In rare situations where rigid, reinforced-concrete footings are required, they should be placed below seasonal frost depths. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES7 3 Mortarless VERSA-LOK Standard retaining walls do not require rigid concrete footings below frost. 8VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Components 3 Embedment VERSA-LOK Standard segmental retaining walls usually have one-tenth of exposed wall heights embedded below grade. For example, a wall with 10 feet of height exposed above grade would have a minimum of 1 foot buried below grade—making a total wall height of 11 feet. Embedment should be increased for special conditions such as slope at the toe of walls, soft foundation soils, or shoreline applications. Embedment provides enhanced wall stability and long-term protection for leveling pads. Soils and Compaction With proper design, segmental retaining walls can be constructed within a wide variety of soil conditions. Granular soils are preferred as fill in the areas reinforced with geosynthetics; however, fine-grained soils such as clays are acceptable. Usually, coarse soils require less soil reinforcement and are easier to compact than fine soils. Problem materials like expansive clays, compressible soils, or highly organic soils (top soil) should be avoided or properly addressed in designs. Proper compaction of foundation and backfill soil is critical to long-term performance of retaining wall systems. Loose backfill will add pressure on walls, collect water, cause settlement, and will not anchor soil reinforcement materials properly. Foundation and backfill materials should be compacted to at least 95 percent of standard Proctor density. (Proctor density is the maximum density of the soil achieved in a laboratory using a standard amount of compaction effort.) Generally, construction observation and testing for proper soil type and compaction is provided by the project’s soils engineer. Properly compacted soils are critical to the performance of a VERSA-LOK Standard retaining wall. VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Components Drainage Within Walls Segmental retaining walls are designed assuming no hydrostatic pressure behind walls. Drainage aggregate (angular gravel, clear of fines) placed behind walls helps eliminate water accumulation. Because no mortar is used in VERSA-LOK Standard wall construction, water is free to weep through joints of installed units. For walls greater than 3 feet in height, a perforated drain pipe is recommended at the base of the drainage aggregate to quickly remove large amounts of water. If high groundwater levels are anticipated or if the wall is along a shoreline, additional drainage materials behind and below reinforced fill may be required. Filter fabric may be required to prevent unwanted migration of fine soil particles into the drainage aggregate. Surface Drainage Wall sites should be graded to avoid water flows, concentrations or pools behind retaining walls. If swales are designed at the top of walls, properly line and slope them so water is removed before it can flow down behind walls. Give special attention to sources of stormwater from building roofs, gutter downspouts, paved areas draining to one point, or valleys in topography. Be sure to guide flows from these areas away from retaining walls. Slope the soil slightly down and away from wall bases to eliminate water running along bases and eroding soil. If finish grading, landscaping or paving is not completed immediately after wall installation, temporarily protect the wall from water runoff until adjacent construction and drainage control structures are completed. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES9 3 Water should be directed away from walls with drainage structures. 10VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Components 3 Geosynthetics such as VERSA-Grid® reinforce backfill soils, allowing construction of stable VERSA-LOK Standard walls exceeding 50 feet in height. Geosynthetic Reinforcement Geosynthetics are durable, high-strength polymer products designed for use as soil reinforcement. Horizontal layers of geosynthetic provide tensile strength to hold the reinforced soil together, so it behaves as one coherent mass. The geosynthetic reinforced soil mass becomes the retaining wall. Sufficient length and strength of geosynthetic can create a reinforced soil mass large enough and strong enough to resist destabilizing loads. Geosynthetic layers also connect the VERSA-LOK Standard units to the reinforced soil. Geosynthetics are made from several types of polymers that resist installation damage and long-term degradation. Geosynthetics are designed to interact with the soil for anchorage against pullout and resistance to sliding. Geogrids, the most common soil reinforcement for walls, are formed with an open, grid-like configuration. Geotextiles (solid fabrics) are also used. Product-specific testing determines the durability, soil interaction and strength of each type of geosynthetic. The interaction of various geosynthetics with Standard units (connection strength) is also thoroughly tested. Geosynthetic layers must be nominally tensioned and free of wrinkles when placed. Geosynthetics are generally stronger in one direction—the roll direction. It is important that the high-strength direction be placed perpendicular to the wall face in one continuous sheet (no splices). Along the wall length and parallel to the face, adjacent sections of reinforcement are placed immediately next to each other without overlap to create 100 percent coverage with no gapping, and with special details for curves and corners. The required type, length, vertical spacing, and strength of geosynthetic vary with each project depending on wall height, loading, slopes and soil conditions. A professional Civil Engineer (P.E.) should prepare a final, geogrid-reinforced wall design for each project. Geosynthetics are designed to interact with the soil for anchorage. Geosynthetics provide tensile strength to backfilled soils. Engineering VERSA-LOK® Standard walls are designed as traditional gravity walls. For unreinforced walls, the stabilizing weight of the battered wall units is compared to the loading on the walls to ensure stability against overturning and sliding (page 12, Figure 1A). When the loading exceeds the stability of the units alone, a larger gravity mass is created from reinforced soil (page 12, Figure 1B). Loading on segmental walls is dependent on soil conditions, surcharges, slopes, water conditions and wall heights. Accurate knowledge of each of these properties is needed for a proper design. Soil properties required for a segmental retaining wall design include the internal fric- tion angle (φ) and soil unit weight (γ). Gener- ally, the cohesion (c) of any fine-grained soils is conservatively ignored to simplify the design. To ensure stability of a reinforced retaining wall, the wall engineer must design the rein- forced soil mass large enough to resist loads from outside the wall system (external stability) and with enough layers of proper strength geosynthetic to keep the reinforced soil mass together (internal stability). In addition, the design must have sufficient geosynthetic layers to keep units stable and properly connected to the reinforced soil mass (facial stability). For internal stability, the wall designer can address potential overstress by using a higher strength geogrid or adding more geogrid layers by reducing vertical space between geogrid layers. Potential pullout or internal sliding concerns can be addressed by lengthening the geogrid layers. Internal compound stability is the potential for compound failures starting directly behind the wall, passing through the reinforced soil mass and exiting out the front face of the wall. The wall design engineer can address internal compound stability by using a higher strength geogrid type, adding geogrid layers, lengthen- ing geogrid layers or improving the reinforced soil type. For facial stability, the wall design engineer can address connection concerns by adding geogrid layers (including shorter supplementary layers) or using a higher connection strength geogrid. For external stability, potential overturning or sliding both can be addressed by lengthen- ing the geogrid layers to create a larger, more stable reinforced soil mass. Evaluation of geotechnical concerns generally is the responsibility of the soils engineer. How- ever, in some cases, these can be addressed by lengthening and strengthening the geogrid lay- ers beyond what is required for the structural wall design. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES11 4 Unreinforced Wall (Figure 1A)Reinforced Wall (Figure 1B) Internal Stability External Stability Geotechnical Concerns 12VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES Engineering 4 Pullout Breakage/ Overstress Internal Sliding Base Sliding Overturning Global Slope Stability Bearing/ Settlement Internal Compound Special Design Considerations Shorelines VERSA-LOK® Standard retaining walls perform well in shoreline applications. However, special design considerations are often necessary to ensure that water pressures do not build up behind walls. Special provisions may include granular reinforced backfill, additional drainage aggregate, drainage behind reinforced soil masses and filter fabric. Protection of bases from water scour, wave action and ice may also be necessary. See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #1 for more information on shorelines and retention pond protection.Loads Behind Walls Surcharge loads behind walls can substantially increase amounts of required soil reinforcement. Common surcharge loads include parking areas, driveways, roads and building structures. For design purposes, permanent loads like buildings are considered to contribute to both destabilizing and stabilizing forces acting on walls. Dynamic forces like vehicular traffic are considered to contribute to destabilizing forces only. Often, the highest surcharge loads are caused by grading or paving equipment during construction. Heavy equipment should be kept at least 3 feet behind the back of retaining wall units. Soil reinforcement designs should accommodate all anticipated surcharge loads—even if they will occur infrequently or just once. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES13 5 With proper design and reinforcement, VERSA-LOK Standard walls can accommodate special site conditions such as water loads, slopes or surcharges. 14VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES Special Design Considerations 5 Slopes Slopes behind walls increase pressures, sometimes doubling soil loads compared to level backfills. Steep slopes below walls can decrease stability of wall foundations. Slopes can increase the amount of soil reinforcement needed, especially the length. Generally, slopes above or below walls should be no steeper than 2:1 (horizontal:vertical). Tiering Aesthetically, it may sometimes be desirable to divide large grade changes into tiered wall sections. However, upper wall tiers can add surcharge loads to lower walls and necessitate special designs. To avoid loading lower walls, upper walls must be set back horizontally at least twice the height of the lower walls. If walls are placed closer, lower walls must be designed to resist the load of upper walls. Several closely spaced tiered walls can create steep, unstable slopes. If tiered walls make a grade change steeper than 2:1 (horizontal: vertical), global slope stability may need to be reviewed by a qualified soils engineer. See VERSA-LOK® Technical Bulletin #7 for more information on tiered wall construction. When properly designed, tiered VERSA-LOK retaining walls will not only retain soil and support loads, but will also deliver an attractive appearance. Planning, Estimating & Final Designs Planning Prior to design, accurate information needs to be gathered, including soil conditions, proposed wall heights, topography, groundwater levels and surface water conditions. Proper permits, owner approvals, utility clearances and easements should also be obtained. Make sure that layouts account for minimum curve radii, wall setback, and area needed for geosynthetic soil reinforcement. Be sure that all wall components fit within property constraints. Verify that temporary construction excavations will not undermine foundation supports of any existing structures or utilities. Considerations should also be given to site access for equipment and materials. Estimating Accurately estimate and order required materials including VERSA-LOK Standard units, VERSA-TUFF Pins, VERSA-LOK Cap units, VERSA-LOK Concrete Adhesive, imported backfill, leveling pad materials, geosynthetic soil reinforcement and drainage materials. See the Materials Estimation Worksheet on page 31 to help determine VERSA-LOK product quantities. For reinforced-wall projects, the VERSA-Grid® estimating charts on page 32 provide approximate amounts of geogrid soil reinforcement necessary to construct walls in various soil and loading conditions. For tall walls or complex situations, VERSA-LOK staff engineers can prepare project specific preliminary designs to be used for estimation purposes. Final Designs Final wall designs may be provided prior to putting projects out for bidding. Alternatively, projects can be specified design/build. With design/build projects, the specifiers provide wall layout information (line and grade) but not final engineering for the wall. Contractors submit bids based on this layout including estimated labor, materials and final engineering costs. Contractors who are awarded projects retain licensed engineers to prepare final wall designs. A soils report prepared by a qualified geotechnical engineer is needed to provide information on reinforced and retained properties. The soils report should also address slope stability and bearing capacity of foundation soils. Design/build specifications and sample construction details are provided on pages 33 to 46. This information, along with additional details, is available in electronic format on the VERSA-LOK Specifiers’ Binder CD or on the VERSA-LOK website at www.versa-lok.com. For walls more than 4 feet in height, most building codes require a final wall design prepared by a licensed Civil Engineer (P. E.) registered in that state. VERSA-LOK and its manufacturers have a network of licensed civil engineers who are familiar with segmental retaining wall design. These individuals are available for referrals to architects, engineers or contractors with final wall design needs. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES15 6 The VERSA-LOK technical staff is available to assist in planning, layout, estimating and referrals for final engineering. 16VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES Wall Construction 7 Tools The following tools may be helpful during construction of VERSA-LOK Standard Retaining Wall Systems. VERSA-LIFTER® Safety Protection Shovel 4-Foot Level Smaller Level 4-Pound Sledge Hammer Masonry Chisel Brick Hammer Tape Measure Hand Tamper Vibratory-Plate Compactor Caulking Gun Stringline Finishing Trowel Broom Diamond-Blade Concrete Saw Hydraulic Splitter Transit or Site Level Backhoe or Skid-Steer Loader The VERSA-Lifter makes it easier to lift and place units—especially on the base course. Two prongs on the lifter are inserted into pin holes in each Standard unit. Lifting the handle secures the lifter to the unit and makes for easy, balanced lifting and placement. VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Construction VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES17 7 Unit Modification During wall construction, it will sometimes be necessary to split or cut VERSA-LOK Standard units. Splitting will create attractive, textured surfaces-similar in appearance to front faces of units. Saw-cutting will produce smooth, straight surfaces. In general, units are split when modi- fied portions will be visible. Units are cut when straight edges are required to fit closely next to smooth edges of adjacent units. Splitting To split a VERSA-LOK Standard unit by hand, mark desired path of split on unit top, bottom and back. Score along the top and bottom paths using a 2- to 3-inch masonry chisel and heavy hammer. Next, place the unit on its face and strike along the back path. It is easier to split units on the ground than on a hard surface. Unit should fracture nicely along paths. If many splits will be required for a project, it may be helpful to rent a mechanical or hydraulic splitter. Saw-Cutting Saw-cuts are normally made using a gas-powered cut-off saw with a diamond blade. To cut a VERSA-LOK Standard unit, mark desired path of cut on all unit sides. On a stable work surface, place the unit face toward you with the top side up, at a comfortable height. Make a straight cut down and 2 to 3 inches into the face. Move the saw to the top of unit, and cut through top using successively deeper cuts. Flip unit over and finish by cutting completely through the bottom of the unit. If a cut-off saw is not available, a common circular saw and an inexpensive masonry blade may be used. Cut 1 to 2 inches deep along the path on the front face. Split the remainder of the unit. The vertical cut on the face of the unit will fit closely against adjacent units - the split portion will not be visible. VERSA-LOK Standard units are easily modified by splitting for a textured face, or by saw-cutting for a smooth side. 18VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Construction 7 Excavation Excavate just deep enough to accommodate the leveling pad (usually 6 inches) and required unit embedment below grade. When necessary, also excavate areas where geosynthetic soil reinforcement will be placed. Required unit embedment varies with wall height and site conditions. Generally, if grade in front of the wall is level, one-tenth of the exposed wall height should be buried (embedded) below grade. Additional embedment may be required for special conditions, including slopes in front of walls, soft foundation soils and water applications. Compact soil at the bottom of excavation. Do not place wall system on loose, soft, wet or frozen soil—settlement may result. If the wall will sit on previously backfilled excavations such as utility line trenches, be sure the entire depth of existing backfill is well-compacted. If necessary, over-excavate soft soils and replace with properly compacted backfill. Leveling Pad Place granular leveling pad material and com- pact to a smooth, level surface. Leveling pad should be at least 6 inches thick and 24 inches wide. It should consist of coarse-grained sand, gravel, or crushed stone. Use a thin layer of fine sand on top of the leveling pad for final leveling. To quickly construct long sections of leveling pad, create forms by leveling and staking rectangular metal tubing along both sides of the planned pad. Place and compact granular material within these leveled forms and screed off excess. See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #5 for more tips about leveling pad construction. If the planned grade along the wall front will change elevation, the leveling pad may be stepped in 6-inch increments to match the grade change. Always start at the lowest level and work upward. Step the leveling pad often enough to avoid burying extra units while maintaining required unit embedment. Carefully plan the location and alignment of the wall base to ensure top of wall will be at desired location. VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Construction VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES19 7 Base Course Make sure that the leveling pad is level and begin placing base course units. If the leveling pad is stepped, begin at the lowest point and place entire length of lowest course before proceeding to next course. Align units using their backs or slots rather than their irregularly textured front faces. Stringlines may be helpful when aligning straight walls. Refer to pages 25, 26 and 27 for tips on curve and corner alignment. Place units side by side on the leveling pad. Front faces of adjacent units should fit tightly and unit bottoms should contact the leveling pad completely. Using a 4-foot level, level units front to back, side to side, and with adjacent units. Tap high points with a mallet or hand tamper until level. Take time to ensure a level base course. Minor unevenness in the base course will be amplified and difficult to correct after several courses have been installed. After base course has been positioned, place and compact soil backfill behind the units. Also replace and compact over-excavated soil in front of units at this time. Backfill behind and in front of embedded units should consist of soil— do not use drainage aggregate. Take time to ensure a level base course—minor unevenness in the base course will be amplified and difficult to correct after several courses have been installed. 20VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Construction 7 Additional Courses Sweep off tops of installed units to remove any debris that may interfere with additional courses. Place next course so that the units are set back 3/4-inch from faces of installed units. Set the units a short distance away from their final position and slide them into place. Sliding helps remove imperfections and debris from the top surface of installed units. The unique VERSA-LOK hole-to-slot pinning system allows Standard units to be installed on variable bond. (Units do not need to be placed exactly halfway over the two lower course units.) Vertical joints can wander in relation to other joints throughout walls. However, units should generally overlap adjacent lower course units by at least 4 inches to aid structural stability. Do not try to install walls on half bond by leaving gaps in vertical face joints. Because the bond can vary, vertical face joints can and should be tight. Insert two VERSA-TUFF® Pins through the front holes of the upper-course units into the receiving slots in the lower-course units. There are four front holes in each unit, but only two are used. Use the two outside holes when possible. If one of the outside holes is not usable, move pin to next closest hole. The two pins should engage two separate units in the lower course. Make sure the pins are fully seated in the lower unit slots. If necessary, seat pins using a mallet and another pin. Pins are fully seated when they are recessed approximately 1 inch below the top surface of upper units. Pull the units forward to remove any looseness in the pin connection. Check unit alignment and levelness—adjust if necessary. If the length of a course must fit into a limited space or if vertical joints begin to line up with joints in the course immediately below, adjust by installing partial units. Create partial units by saw-cutting whole units into pieces at least 4 inches wide at the front face. When installing partial units, try to disperse them throughout the wall. This technique helps to hide partial units and lends to a more attractive project. Stack no more than three courses before backfilling. If VERSA-LOK Standard units are stacked too high, they may push out of alignment during placement of backfill. The unique holeto- slot pinning system allows VERSA-LOK Standard units to be installed on variable bond. VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Construction VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES21 7 Drainage Materials Beginning at the level of planned grade in front of the wall, place drainage aggregate (3/4-inch clear, free-draining, angular gravel) between and directly behind units to a minimum thickness of 12 inches. Drainage aggregate must be free of fine dirt or soil. Do not place drainage aggregate behind units that will be embedded. Drainage aggregate is critical to wall performance because it keeps water pressures from building up behind the wall face. For walls over 3 feet high, perforated drain pipes should be used to collect water along the base of the drainage aggregate. Drain pipes help to quickly remove large amounts of water. For some projects, often shoreline applications, a geosynthetic filter fabric may be required behind the drainage aggregate. Filter fabric will prevent soils or sands (fines) from migrating into the drainage aggregate and wall face joints. Compacted Soil Backfill Proper placement and compaction of backfill is critical to the stability of a segmental wall. Poorly compacted backfill puts extra pressures on a wall—especially when it becomes wet. Place soil backfill beginning directly behind drainage fill in layers (lifts) no thicker than 6 inches. Compact soil backfill—making sure that backfill is not too wet nor dry. The amount and type of effort needed for adequate backfill compaction varies with soil type and moisture content. Generally, hand-operated vibratory-plate compactors can be used to achieve adequate 22VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Construction 7 compaction of granular soils—even on big projects. Fine soils such as clays should be compacted with kneading-type equipment like sheepsfoot rollers. To avoid pushing wall units out of alignment, do not use heavy self-propelled compaction equipment within 3 feet of the wall face. At the end of the day’s construction, protect the wall and the reinforced backfill from possible rainstorm water damage. Grade the soil backfill so water will run away from wall face and direct runoff from adjacent areas away from project site. Geosynthetic Soil Reinforcement Geosynthetic soil reinforcement such as VERSA-Grid® is used to reinforce soil backfill when the weight of Standard units alone is not enough to resist soil pressures. Soil reinforce- ment type, length and vertical spacing will vary for each project and should be specified in a final wall design prepared by a licensed Civil Engineer (P.E.). Prepare to install soil reinforcement materials by placing Standard units and backfilling up to the height of the first soil reinforcement layer specified on construction drawings. Lay soil reinforcement horizontally on top of compacted backfill and the Standard units. Geosynthetic layers should be placed about 1 inch from the front of the Standard units. Geosynthetics are usually stronger in one direction. It is very important to place them in the correct direction. The strongest direction of the geosynthetic must be perpendicular to the wall face. For correct orientation, follow the geosynthetic manufacturer’s directions carefully. After positioning soil reinforcement, place the next course of Standard units on top of soil reinforcement. Insert pins through Standard units and into lower-course units. Place drainage aggregate against back of the units and on top of soil reinforcement. Remove slack by pulling soil reinforcement away from the wall face and anchoring at back ends. Beginning at the wall The strongest direction of the geosynthetic (almost always the roll direction) must be perpendicular to the wall face. VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Construction VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES23 7 face, place and compact soil backfill. Keep soil reinforcement taut and avoid wrinkles. Place a minimum of 6 inches of soil backfill before using any tracked equipment on top of soil reinforcement. Follow manufacturer’s construction guidelines to avoid damage to soil reinforcement. Placing soil reinforcement behind curves and corners requires special layout and overlapping procedures. Never overlap soil reinforcement layers directly on top of each other. Slick surfaces of geosynthetics will not hold in place properly when placed directly on top of one another. Always provide at least 3 inches of soil fill between overlapping soil reinforcement layers. While spacing of geogrid will vary, to ensure stability during construction, vertical spacing between geosynthetic layers should never exceed 2 feet. See VERSA-Grid® estimating charts on page 32 for assistance with preliminary material estimating. More, More, More... Continue placing additional courses, drainage material, compacted soil backfill and geosyn- thetic soil reinforcement as specified until desired wall height is achieved. For walls more than 4 feet high, most building codes require a final wall design prepared by a licensed Civil Engineer (P. E.) registered in that state. VERSA-LOK and its manufacturers have a network of licensed civil engineers who are familiar with segmental retaining wall design. These individuals are available for referrals to architects, engineers, or contractors with final wall design needs. Proper backfill compaction is critical to the stability of a segmental retaining wall. 24VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Standard Wall Construction 7 Caps Finish the wall by placing cap units along the top. Two VERSA-LOK Cap unit types are available—A and B. Alternate A and B caps on straight walls. Use A caps for convex (outside) curves. Use B caps for concave (inside) curves. If cap layout does not exactly match the wall radius, adjust spacing at the back of the caps —do not gap caps at the front. To completely eliminate gapping, it may be necessary to saw-cut sides of cap units. Front faces of caps may be placed flush, set back, or slightly hung over faces of VERSA-LOK Standard wall units. It is preferred to overhang cap units approximately 3/4 inch to create an “eyebrow” on top of the wall. Overhanging cap units will create a small shadow on wall units and help to hide minor imperfections in wall alignment. All cap units should be arranged before securing with VERSA-LOK Concrete Adhesive. Secure caps by placing two continuous 1/4-inch beads of adhesive along the top course of wall units. Set caps on prepared wall units. Do not secure caps using mortar or adhesives that become rigid. A VERSA-LOK wall may move slightly (especially in areas subject to freeze/thaw cycles), causing a rigid cap adhesive to fail. Do not place caps if the units are too wet for the adhesive to stick. In cold weather, keep the adhesive tubes warm until just prior to use. For more information about capping, see VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #4. Basic Wall Design Elements VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES25 8 Curves The trapezoidal shape of VERSA-LOK® Standard units permits construction of concave, convex and serpentine curves. General construction requirements described earlier in this guide (leveling pad preparation, drainage, compaction) remain the same for curve installation. All radii distances below are measured from circle centers to front of unit faces. Concave curves are constructed by increasing spaces between backs of adjacent units—always keeping front joints tightly aligned. Concave curves may be built at any radius; however, a minimum radius of 6 feet is recommended. Radii smaller than 6 feet are structurally adequate but tend to appear choppy. Often, it is more appropriate to build inside corners instead of tight concave curves. Convex curves are constructed by decreasing spaces between backs of adjacent units. Because upper courses of VERSA-LOK Standard units are set back from lower courses by several inches, course radii become smaller as walls become taller. If a course radius becomes too small, Standard units cannot be properly positioned without cutting unit sides. Therefore, careful base course planning for convex curves is important when building tight curves. Minimum top course radius for convex curves is 8 feet. To calculate correct base course radius, add 3/4 inch for each wall course to the minimum radius. For example, minimum base course radius for a wall that will have six setbacks (including embedded units) will be (6 x 3/4") + 8' = 8'+ 4-1/2". See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #3 for more curve details, including proper placement of geosynthetic soil reinforcement. Inside Curve Outside Curve VERSA-LOK Standard is easily installed in curves without special modifications. 26VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES Basic Wall Design Elements 8 Corners VERSA-LOK® Standard units may be easily used to create an unlimited variety of corners. Outside 90-degree corner units are easily created by splitting Standard units in half. Alternate half units as shown above. This creates about a 4-inch overlap of the units below. This is acceptable - Standard units do not need to be exactly halfway over the lower units (half-bond) as explained on page 20. Inside 90 Degree Outside 90 Degree Half units on outside 90-degree corners do not pin. Instead, secure them using VERSA- LOK Concrete Adhesive. No unit modification is necessary to install inside 90-degree corners. Place full-size Standard units as shown, adjusting for proper vertical joint arrangement. See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #3 for more corner details, including proper placement of geosynthetic reinforcement for corners. The one Standard unit permits construction of a variety of corners. Basic Wall Design Elements The figures above illustrate a variety of inside and outside corner arrangements. Use these illustrations as guides when designing unique corners. Note that illustrations represent alter- nating courses and that VERSA-LOK Standard units are modified to create corner units. Split units where textured faces are desired and visible. Saw-cut units when straight edges are needed to fit closely next to adjacent units. Alternating corner units should overlap - do not butt or miter corners. If corners are butted or mitered, differential movement between “separate walls” can occur. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES27 8 Corners VERSA-LOK Standard corners overlap to structurally interlock walls meeting at corners. 28VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES Basic Wall Design Elements 8 Stepped Base Elevations If the final grade along the front of the wall changes elevation, the leveling pad and base course may be stepped in 6-inch increments to match the grade change. Always start at the lowest level and work upward. Step the leveling pad often enough to avoid burying extra Standard units while maintaining required unit embedment. See VERSA-LOK® Technical Bulletin #5 for more information on stepped base and wall-top installation. Stepped Wall Tops Wall tops should step to match grade changes. As a wall steps down, use split half-units to end each course. Split units provide textured sides to match the wall face. When capping tops of stepped walls, split the exposed side of the last cap unit to create an attractive end. Returns As an option to stepping wall tops, grade changes at the top of a wall can be accommodated by creating returns that turn into slopes behind a wall. Returns create a terraced appearance instead of several small steps along the top of a wall. The top of VERSA-LOK Standard walls can step down in 6-inch increments or in larger steps created by returns. Advanced Wall Features VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES29 9 Stairs Stairs with a ratio 2:1 (horizontal:vertical) can be easily installed using VERSA-LOK® Standard units. Recommended step construction begins by stacking a pedestal of Standard units. Cap units are then placed as treads and vertical sidewalls are installed. See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #2 for detailed stair installation instructions. Freestanding Walls Installers also can use Standard units to create freestanding walls that are exposed on both sides (walls that do not retain any soil). Splitting units at the rear grooves, parallel to the back of the units, creates textured faces on the backs of the unit that match the front split face. These modified units are arranged to create a straight, vertical wall with textured faces on both of the exposed sides of the wall. For stability, freestanding walls should not exceed 3 feet high. See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #6 for more information. VERSA-LOK® Standard units with VERSA-LOK Caps as treads can be used to create a variety of attractive stairs. 30VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES Advanced Wall Features 9 Columns A wide variety of attractive columns can be easily created from VERSA-LOK® Standard units. Columns less than 4 feet high can be supported on granular leveling pads with no frost footings, just like VERSA-LOK Standard retaining walls. The simplest column is created by splitting Standard units into half-units and vertically stacking them in a 20-inch by 20-inch square column. However, columns of other sizes are also possible with unit modification. For stability, taller columns require cast-in-place concrete footings. The center hole of the columns (behind the units) can be used to install steel-reinforced concrete to stabilize taller columns. A qualified professional Civil Engineer should provide a design for columns over 4 feet high. See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #6 for more information. Guide Rails, Railings and Traffic Barriers For safety purposes, a variety of barriers may be placed behind VERSA-LOK Standard walls, including fences, railings and guide rails. Barriers should be placed several feet behind wall faces to provide post foundations. Posts may penetrate geosynthetic soil reinforcement layers in accordance with the manufacturer’s and engineer’s recommendations. When space is limited, properly designed, reinforced concrete barriers can be placed directly on top of walls. Expansion joints and bond breaks should be provided to accommodate differential movement between rigid barriers and flexible wall faces. Cantilevered supports extending behind walls stabilize the barriers against overturning. For more information about guide rails, railings and traffic barriers see VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #8 or VERSA-LOK Standard and Mosaic® Construction Details CD-Rom—available FREE by calling (800) 770-4525 or online at: www. versa-lok.com. Material Estimation Worksheet VERSA-LOK® Standard Units Area of Wall (SF) x 1.5 units per SF = n umber of Standard u nits SF x 1.5 = units needed VERSA-TUFF ® Pins units x 2 Pins per unit = n umber of Pins units x 2 = Pins needed (Base course of VERSA-LOK Standard units does not require pins.) VERSA-LOK Caps Lineal Feet of Wall (LF) x .86 = number of Caps LF x .86 = Caps needed straight walls - use half A caps and half B caps inside curves - use B caps outside curves - use A caps Additional caps may be needed for special splits or cuts. Gradual curves may require a combination of A & B caps. VERSA-LOK Concrete Adhesive 11 oz. tube: LF ÷ 14 LF per tube = tubes VERSA-Grid® For estimating purposes, the tables on the following page provide approximate amounts of VERSA-Grid soil reinforcement needed to construct walls in certain soil and loading conditions. For tall walls or complex situations, VERSA-LOK staff engineers can prepare project specific preliminary designs to be used for estimation purposes. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES31 32VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA Grid ® Estimation Charts these tables are provided for estimating purposes only they should not be used or relied upon for any application without verification ot accuracy, suitability and applicability for the use contemplated, which is the sole responsibility of the user. A final, project-specific design should be prepared by a qualified, licensed, professional Civil Engineer (P.E.) based on actual site conditions. Preparation of these tables did not include consideration or analysis of global slope stability or allowable bearing capacity of foundation soils. these must be reviewed for each project by a qualified geotechnical Engineer. there are three tables provided in this guide to help estimate geogrid for different wall loading situations - level backfill, sloping backfill and surcharges. to estimate geogrid quantities, first look under the column appropriate for project soils, determine the height (H) of the proposed wall and read across the row (under appropriate soil column) to approximate geogrid type, number of layers and lengths of each layer. These design charts assume the following conditions: - uniform soil conditions - Stable foundation soils - Level grade in front of the wall - no groundwater/water loads - Slopes and loads behind the wall as shown - no additional loading behind wall (such as tiered walls, building loads, etc.) Design standards and properties used to develop these charts were: - design methodology in general accordance with nCMA design Manual for SRWs - unit weight of soil (γ) 120 pcf - internal friction angle of soil (φ) as shown on charts - Long-term design strength of the geogrid (LtdS) • VERSA-Grid VG 3.0 - 1250 Ib/ft • VERSA-Grid VG 5.0 -1875 Ib/ft *geogrids with similar LtdS and connection strengths to VERSA-LOK® units can also be estimated using these charts. With some variations, the VERSA-grid Vg 3.0 charts also generally estimate quantities for Miragrid 3Xt, Stratagrid 200, and Raugrid 4/2. the charts for VERSA-grid Vg 5.0 generally estimate quantities for Miragrid 5Xt, Stratagrid 350, and Raugrid 6/3. Miragrid is a registered trademark of Nicolon Corporation. • Stratagrid is a registered trademark of Strata Systems, Inc. Raugrid is a trademark of Luckenhaus Technische Textilien GmbH and Luckenhaus North America, Inc. VERSA-GRID ®Estimation Charts VERSA-LOK STANDARD DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 32 These tables are provided for estimating purposes only. They should not be used or relied upon for any application without verification of accuracy, suitability, and applicability for the use contemplated, which is the sole responsibility of the user. A final, project-specific design should be prepared by a qualified, licensed, professional Civil Engineer (P.E.) based on actual site conditions. Preparation of these tables did not include consideration or analysis of global slope stability or allowable bearing capacity of foundation soils. These must be reviewed for each project by a qualified Geotechnical Engineer. There are three tables provided in this guide to help estimate geogrid for different wall loading situations – level backfill, sloping backfill, and surcharges. To estimate geogrid quantities, first look under the column appropriate for project soils, determine the height (H) of the proposed wall and read across the row (under appropriate soil column) to approximate geogrid type, number of layers, and lengths of each layer. These design charts assume the following conditions: - Uniform soil conditions - Stable foundation soils - Level grade in front of the wall - No groundwater/water loads - Slopes and loads behind the wall as shown - No additional loading behind wall (such as tiered walls, building loads, etc.) Design standards and properties used to develop these charts were: - Design methodology in general accordance with NCMA Design Manual for SRWs - Unit weight of soil (γ) 120 pcf - Internal friction angle of soil (φ) as shown on charts - Long term design strength of the geogrid (LTDS) •VERSA-Grid VG 3.0 - 1250 lb/ft •VERSA-Grid VG 5.0 - 1875 lb/ft *Geogrids with similar LTDS and connection strengths to VERSA-LOK®units can also be estimated using these charts. With some variations, the VERSA-Grid VG 3.0 charts also generally estimate quantities for Miragrid 3XT, Stratagrid 300, and Raugrid 4/2. The charts for VERSA-Grid VG 5.0 generally estimate quantities for Miragrid 5XT, Stratagrid 500, and Raugrid 6/3. Gravel (φ = 34°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 0 0 n/a 5 0.5 3.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 4.0 2 VG 3.0 7 1.0 5.0 3 VG 3.0 8 1.0 5.5 4 VG 3.0 9 1.0 6.0 4 VG 3.0 10 1.0 6.5 5 VG 3.0 12 1.0 8.0 6 VG 3.0 Sand (φ = 30°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.0 1 VG 3.0 5 0.5 4.0 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 7 1.0 5.5 3 VG 3.0 8 1.0 6.0 4 VG 3.0 9 1.0 6.5 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 7.0 5 VG 3.0 12 1.0 8.5 7 VG 3.0 Clay (φ = 28°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.0 1 VG 3.0 5 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 5.0 2 VG 3.0 7 1.0 5.5 3 VG 3.0 8 1.0 6.0 4 VG 3.0 9 1.0 6.5 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 7.0 6 VG 3.0 12 1.0 8.5 7 VG 3.0 Gravel (φ = 34°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.0 2 VG 3.0 5 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 5.0 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 6.0 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 6.5 4 VG 3.0 9 1.0 7.0 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 7.5 5 VG 3.0 12 1.0 9.0 7 VG 3.0 Sand (φ = 30°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 5 0.5 5.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 6.0 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 7.0 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 7.5 5 VG 3.0 9 1.0 8.5 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 9.0 6 VG 3.0 12 1.0 10.0 7 VG 5.0 Clay (φ = 28°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 5.5 2 VG 3.0 5 0.5 6.0 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 6.5 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 7.5 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 8.0 5 VG 3.0 9 1.0 9.0 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 9.5 6 VG 3.0 12 1.0 11.0 7 VG 5.0 Gravel (φ = 34°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.0 1 VG 3.0 5 0.5 4.0 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 4.5 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 5.5 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 6.0 4 VG 3.0 9 1.0 6.5 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 7.5 6 VG 3.0 12 1.0 8.5 7 VG 3.0 Sand (φ = 30°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.5 1 VG 3.0 5 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 5.5 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 6.5 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 7.0 5 VG 3.0 9 1.0 8.0 6 VG 3.0 10 1.0 8.5 6 VG 3.0 12 1.0 10.0 7 VG 5.0 Clay (φ = 28°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 5 0.5 5.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 6.0 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 8.0 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 9.5 5 VG 3.0 9 1.0 11.0 6 VG 3.0 10 1.0 12.0 6 VG 5.0 12 1.0 15.0 7 VG 5.0 250 psf Miragrid is a registered trademark of Nicolon Corporation. • Stratagrid is a registered trademark of Strata Systems, Inc. Raugrid is a trademark of Lückenhaus Technische Textilien GmbH and Lückenhaus North America, Inc. 2' Max H D L H D L H D L 2' Max 2' Max Level Backfill Sloping Backfill Surcharge Backfill STANDARD D&I GUIDE 2003 7/30/03 1:31 PM Page 33 VERSA-LOK ® Specifications PART 1: GENERAL 1.01 DESCRIPTION A. Work includes furnishing and installing segmental retaining wall (SRW) units to the lines and grades designated on the project’s final construction drawings or as directed by the Architect/Engineer. Also included are furnishing and installing appurtenant materials required for construction of the retaining wall as shown on the construction drawings. 1.02 REFERENCE STANDARDS A. Segmental Retaining Wall Units 1. ASTM C 1372 - Standard Specification for Segmental Retaining Wall units 2. ASTM C 140 - Standard test Methods of Sampling and testing Concrete Masonry units B. Geosynthetic Reinforcement 1. ASTM D 4595 - tensile Properties of geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip Method 2. ASTM D 5262 - test Method for Evaluating the unconfined Creep Behavior of geosynthetics 3. GRI:GG1 - Single-Rib geogrid tensile Strength 4. GRI:GG5 - geogrid Pullout C. Soils 1. ASTM D 698 - Moisture density Relationship for Soils, Standard Method 2. ASTM D 422 - gradation of Soils 3. ASTM D 424 - Atterberg Limits of Soil D. Drainage Pipe 1. ASTM D 3034 - Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Pipe 2. ASTM D 1248 - Specification for Corrugated Plastic Pipe E. Engineering Design 1. “NCMA Design Manual for Segmental Retaining Walls,” Second Edition F. Where specifications and reference documents conflict, the Architect/Engineer shall make the final determination of applicable document. 1.03 SUBMITTALS A. Material Submittals: The Contractor shall submit manufacturers’ certifications two weeks prior to start of work stating that the SRW units and geosynthetic reinforcement meet the requirements of Section 2 of this specification. B. Design Submittal: The Contractor shall submit two sets of detailed design calculations and final retaining wall plans for approval at least two weeks prior to the beginning of wall construction. All calculations and drawings shall be prepared and sealed by a professional Civil Engineer (P.E.) - (Wall Design Engineer) experienced in SRW design and licensed in the state where the wall is to be built. 1.04 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING A. Contractor shall check materials upon delivery to assure that specified type and grade of materiais have been received and proper color and texture of SRW units have been received. B. Contractor shall prevent excessive mud, wet concrete, epoxies and like materiais that may affix themselves from coming in contact with materials. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES33 34VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Specifications C. Contractor shall store and handle materials in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations. D. Contractor shall protect materials from damage. Damaged materials shall not be incorporated into the retaining wall. PART 2: MATERIALS 2.01 SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALL UNITS A. SRW units shall be machine-formed, Portland Cement concrete blocks specifically designed for retaining wall applications. SRW units currently approved for this project are: VERSA-LOK Standard Retaining Wall units as manufactured by . B. Color of SRW units shall be . C. Finish of SRW units shall be split-face. D. SRW unit faces shall be of straight geometry. E. SRW unit height shall be 6 inches. F. SRW units (not including aggregate fill in unit voids) shall provide a minimum weight of 105 psf wall face area. G. SRW units shall be solid through the full depth of the unit. H. SRW units shall have a minimum depth (front face to rear) to height ratio of 2:1. I. SRW units shall be interlocked with connection pins, designed with proper setback to provide 8:1 vertical to horizontal batter (a 7-degree cant from vertical). J. SRW units shall be capable of being erected with the horizontal gap between adjacent units not exceeding 1/8 inch. K. SRW units shall be capable of providing overlap of units on each successive course so that walls meeting at corner are interlocked and continuous. SRW units that require corners to be mitered shall not be allowed. L. SRW units shall be capable of providing a split-face, textured surface for all vertical surfaces that will be exposed after completion of wall, including any exposed sides and backs of units. M. SRW units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that would interfere with the proper placing of the unit or significantly impair the strength or permanence of the structure. Cracking or excessive chipping may be grounds for rejection. Units showing cracks longer than 1/2" shall not be used within the wall. Units showing chips visible at a distance of 30 feet from the wall shall not be used within the wall. N. Concrete used to manufacture SRW units shall have a minimum 28 days compressive strength of 3,000 psi and a maximum moisture absorption rate, by weight, of 8 percent as determined in accordance with ASTM C140. Compressive strength test specimens shall con- form to the saw-cut coupon provisions of ASTM C140. O. SRW units’ molded dimensions shall not differ more than ± 1/8 inch from that specified, in accordance with ASTM C1372. 2.02 SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALL UNIT CONNECTION PINS A. SRW units shall be interlocked with VERSA-TUFF® Pins. The pins shall consist of glass-reinforced nylon made for the expressed use with the SRW units supplied. VERSA-LOK ® Specifications 2.03 GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCEMENT A. Geosynthetic reinforcement shall consist of geogrids or geotextiles manufactured as a soil reinforcement element. The manufacturers/suppliers of the geosyn- thetic reinforcement shall have demonstrated construction of similar size and types of segmental retaining walls on previous projects. The geosynthetic type must be approved one week prior to bid opening. Geosynthetic types currently approved for this project are: VERSA-Grid® geogrids. B. The type, strength and placement location of the reinforcing geosynthetic shall be as determined by the Wall Design Engineer, as shown on the final, P.E.-sealed retaining wall plans. 2.04 LEVELING PAD A. Material for leveling pad shall consist of compacted sand, gravel or combination thereof (USCS soil types GP, GW, SP, & SW) and shall be a minimum of 6 inches in depth. Lean concrete with a strength of 200 to 300 psi and 3 inches thick maximum may also be used as a leveling pad material. The leveling pad should extend laterally at least a distance of 6 inches from the toe and heel of the lowermost SRW unit. 2.05 DRAINAGE AGGREGATE A. Drainage aggregate shall be angular, clean stone or granular fill meeting the following gradation as determined in accordance with ASTM D422 SIEVE SIZE PERCENT PASSING 1 inch 100 3/4 inch 75-100 no. 4 0-60 no. 40 0-50 no. 200 0-5 2.06 DRAINAGE PIPE A. The drainage collection pipe shall be a perforated or slotted PVC, or corrugated HDPE pipe. The drainage pipe may be wrapped with a geotextile to function as a filter. B. Drainage pipe shall be manufactured in accor- dance with ASTM D 3034 and/or ASTM D 1248 2.07 REINFORCED (INFILL) SOIL A. The reinforced soil material shall be free of debris. Unless otherwise noted on the final, P.E. sealed retaining wall plans prepared by the Wall Design Engineer, the reinforced material shall consist of the inorganic USCS soil types GP, GW, SW, SP, SM meeting the following gradation, as determined in accordance with ASTM D422: SIEVE SIZE PERCENT PASSING 4 inches 100 no. 4 20-100 no. 40 0-60 no. 200 0-35 B. The maximum particle size of poorly-graded gravels (GP) (no fines) should not exceed 3/4 inch unless expressly approved by the Wall Design Engineer and the long-term design strength (LTDS) of the geosyn- thetic is reduced to account for additional installation damage from particles larger than this maximum. C. The plasticity of the fine fraction shall be less than 20. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES35 36VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Specifications PART 3: DESIGN PARAMETERS 3.01 SOIL A. The following soil parameters, as determined by the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer, shall be used for the preparation of the final design: unit internal Cohesion (c) Weight Friction (γ) (pcf) Angle (φ) (degrees) o o (If internal friction angles are not available for the above section, the specifier can provide the USCS soil type classification for the reinforced, retained and foundation soils and/or attach the geotechnical investigation report for this project.) B. Should the actual soil conditions observed during construction differ from those assumed for the design, design shall be reviewed by the Wall Design Engineer at the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer’s direction. 3.02 DESIGN A. The design analysis for the final, P.E.-sealed retaining wall plans prepared by the Wall Design Engineer shall consider the external stability against sliding and overturning, internal stability, and facial stability of the reinforced soil mass and shall be in accordance with acceptable engineering practice and these specifi- cations. The internal and external stability analysis shall be performed in accordance with the “NCMA Design Manual for Segmental Retaining Walls,” using the recommended minimum factors of safety in this manual. B. External stability analysis for bearing capacity, global stability and total and differential settlement shall be the responsibility of the Owner and the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer. Geotechnical Engineer shall perform bearing capacity, settlement estimates and global stability analysis based on the final wall design provided by the Wall Design Engineer and coordinate any required changes with Wall Design Engineer. C. While vertical spacing between geogrid layers may vary, it shall not exceed 2 feet maximum in the wall design. D. The geosynthetic placement in the wall design shall have 100 percent continuous coverage parallel to the wall face. Gapping between horizontally adjacent layers of geosynthetic (partial coverage) will not be allowed. PART 4: CONSTRUCTION 4.01 INSPECTION A. The Owner or Owner’s Representative is responsible for verifying that the contractor meets all the requirements of the specification. This includes all submittals for materials and design, qualifications and proper installation of wall system. B. Contractor’s field construction supervisor shall have demonstrated experience and be qualified to direct all work at the site. 4.02 EXCAVATION A. Contractor shall excavate to the lines and grades shown on the project grading plans. Contractor shall take precautions to minimize over-excavation. Over-excavation shall be filled with compacted infill material, or as directed by the Engineer/Architect, at the Contractor’s expense. Reinforced Fill: Retained Soil: Foundation Soil: VERSA-LOK ® Specifications B. Contractor shall verify location of existing structures and utilities prior to excavation. Contractor shall ensure all surrounding structures are protected from the effects of wall excavation. Excavation support, if required, is the responsibility of the Contractor. 4.03 FOUNDATION PREPARATION A. Following the excavation, the foundation soil shall be examined by the Owner’s Engineer to assure actual foundation soil strength meets or exceeds the assumed design bearing strength. Soils not meeting the required strength shall be removed and replaced with infill soils, as directed by the Owner’s Engineer. B. Foundation soil shall be proofrolled and compacted to 95 percent standard Proctor density and inspected by the Owner’s Engineer prior to placement of leveling pad materials. 4.04 LEVELING PAD CONSTRUCTION A. Leveling pad shall be placed as shown on the final, P.E.-sealed retaining wall plans with a minimum thickness of 6 inches. The leveling pad should extend laterally at least a distance of 6 inches from the toe and heel of the lowest SRW unit. B. Granular leveling pad material shall be compacted to provide a firm, level bearing surface on which to place the first course of units. Well-graded sand can be used to smooth the top 1/4- to 1/2-inch of the leveling pad. Compaction will be with mechanical plate compactors to achieve 95 percent of maximum standard Proctor density (ASTM D 698). 4.05 SRW UNIT INSTALLATION A. All SRW units shall be installed at the proper elevation and orientation as shown on the final, P.E.-sealed retaining wall plans and details as directed by the Wall Design Engineer. The SRW units shall be installed in general accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The specifications and drawings shall govern in any conflict between the two requirements. B. First course of SRW units shall be placed on the leveling pad. The units shall be leveled side-to-side, front-to-rear and with adjacent units, and aligned to ensure intimate contact with the leveling pad. The first course is the most important to ensure accurate and acceptable results. No gaps shall be left between the front of adja- cent units. Alignment may be done by means of a string- line or offset from baseline to the back of the units. C. All excess debris shall be cleaned from top of units and the next course of units installed on top of the units below. D. Two VERSA-TUFF Pins shall be inserted through the pin holes of each upper course unit into receiving slots in lower-course units. Pins shall be fully seated in the pin slot below. Units shall be pushed forward to remove any looseness in the unit-to-unit connection. E. Prior to placement of next course, the level and alignment of the units shall be checked and corrected where needed. F. Layout of curves and corners shall be installed in accordance with the wall plan details or in general accordance with SRW manufacturer’s installation guidelines. Walls meeting at corners shall be inter- locked by overlapping successive courses. G. Procedures C. through F. shall be repeated until reaching top of wall, just below the height of the cap units. Geosynthetic reinforcement, drainage materials and reinforced backfill shall be placed in sequence with unit installation as described in Section 4.06, 4.07 and 4.08. VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES37 38VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Specifications 4.06 GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCEMENT PLACEMENT A. All geosynthetic reinforcement shall be installed at the proper elevation and orientation as shown on the final, P.E.-sealed retaining wall plan profiles and details, or as directed by the Wall Design Engineer. B. At the elevations shown on the final plans, (after the units, drainage material and backfill have been placed to this elevation) the geosynthetic reinforcement shall be laid horizontally on compacted infill and on top of the concrete SRW units. It shall be placed to within 1 inch of the front face of the unit below. Embedment of the geosynthetic in the SRW units shall be consistent with SRW manufacturer’s recommendations. Correct orientation of the geosynthetic reinforcement shall be verified by the Contractor to be in accordance with the geosynthetic manufacturer’s recommendations. The highest strength direction of the geosynthetic must be perpendicular to the wall face. C. Geosynthetic reinforcement layers shall be one continuous piece for their entire embedment length. Splicing of the geosynthetic in the design strength direction (perpendicular to the wall face) shall not be permitted. Along the length of the wall (parallel to the face), horizontally adjacent sections of geosyn- thetic reinforcement shall be butted in a manner to assure 100 percent coverage parallel to the wall face. D. Tracked construction equipment shall not be operated directly on the geosynthetic reinforcement. A minimum of 6 inches of backfill is required prior to operation of tracked vehicles over the geosynthetic. Turning should be kept to a minimum. Rubber-tired equipment may pass over the geosynthetic reinforcement at slow speeds (less than five miles per hour). E. The geosynthetic reinforcement shall be free of wrinkles prior to placement of soil fill. The nominal tension shall be applied to the reinforcement and secured in place with staples, stakes or by hand tensioning until reinforcement is covered by 6 inches of fill. 4.07 DRAINAGE MATERIALS A. Drainage aggregate shall be installed to the line, grades and sections shown on the final P.E.-sealed retaining wall plans. Drainage aggregate shall be placed to the minimum thickness shown on the construction plans between and behind units (a minimum of 1 cubic foot for each exposed square foot of wall face unless otherwise noted on the final wall plans). B. Drainage collection pipes shall be installed to maintain gravity flow of water to outside the reinforced soil zone. The drainage collection pipe shall daylight into a storm sewer manhole or along a slope at an elevation lower than the lowest point of the pipe within the aggregate drain. 4.08 BACKFILL PLACEMENT A. The reinforced backfill shall be placed as shown in the final wall plans in the maximum compacted lift thickness of 10 inches and shall be compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of standard Proctor density (ASTM D 698) at a moisture content within 2 percent of optimum. The backfill shall be placed and spread in such a manner as to eliminate wrinkles or movement of the geosynthetic reinforcement and the SRW units. B. Only hand-operated compaction equipment shall be allowed within 3 feet of the back of the wall unit. Compaction within the 3 feet behind the wall unit shall be achieved by at least three (3) passes of a lightweight mechanical tamper, plate or roller. C. At the end of each day’s operation, the Contractor shall slope the last level of backfill away from the wall facing and reinforced backfill to direct water runoff away from the wall face. D. At completion of wall construction, backfill shall be placed level with final top of wall elevation. If final grading, paving, landscaping and/or storm drainage installation adjacent to the wall is not placed immediately after wall completion, temporary grading and drainage shall be provided to ensure water runoff is not directed at the wall nor allowed to collect or pond behind the wall until final construction adjacent to the wall is completed. VERSA-LOK ® Specifications VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES39 4.09 SRW CAPS A. SRW caps shall be properly aligned and glued to underlying units with VERSA-LOK Concrete Adhesive, a flexible, high-strength adhesive. Rigid adhesive or mortar are not acceptable. B. Caps shall overhang the top course of units by 3/4 inch to 1 inch. Slight variation in overhang is allowed to correct alignment at the top of the wall. 4.10 CONSTRUCTION ADJACENT TO COMPLETED WALL A. The Owner or Owner’s Representative is responsible for ensuring that construction by others adjacent to the wall does not disturb the wall or place temporary construction loads on the wall that exceed design loads, including loads such as water pressure, temporary grades or equipment loading. Heavy paving or grading equipment shall be kept a minimum of 3 feet behind the back of the wall face. Equipment with wheel loads in excess of 150 psf live load shall not be operated within 10 feet of the face of the retaining wall during construction adjacent to the wall. Care should be taken by the General Contractor to ensure water runoff is directed away from the wall structure until final grading and surface drainage collection systems are completed. 40VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Construction Details VERSA-LOK ® Construction Details VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES41 42VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Construction Details VERSA-LOK ® Construction Details VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES43 44VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Construction Details VERSA-LOK ® Construction Details VERSA -LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES45 46VERSA-LOK S tA nd AR d d ES ign A nd in S tALLAti O n guid EL in ES VERSA-LOK ® Construction Details Standard Design & Installation Guidelines Made worldwide under license from VERSA-LOK Retaining Wall Systems. Products shown may be covered by one or more of the following: U.S. Patent D319,885, U.S. Patent D321,060, U.S. Patent D341,215, U.S. Patent D346,667, U.S. Patent D378,702, U.S. Patent D391,376, U.S. Patent D430,680, U.S. Patent D435,302, U.S. Patent D439,678, U.S. Patent D452,332, U.S. Patent D458,387, U.S. Patent 6,488,448, U.S. Patent 6,960,048, U.S. Patent 7,229,235, U.S. Patent 7,244,079, U.S. Patent D552,258, U.S. Patent D555,810 and other U.S. patents pending; Canadian Industrial Design Registration No. 63929, No. 71472, No. 73910, No. 73911, No. 73912, No. 77816, No. 79058, No. 82288, and No. 89084. I.C.B.O. No. 4625, Canadian Patent 2,313,061 the information, including technical and engineering data, figures, tables, designs, drawings, details, suggested procedures and suggested specifications, presented in this publication is for general information only. while every effort has been made to ensure its accuracy, this information should not be used or relied upon for any application without verification of accuracy, suitability, and applicability for the use contemplated, which is the sole responsibility of the user. a final, project-specific design should be prepared by a qualified, licensed, professional engineer based on actual site conditions. versa-lok retaining wall systems disclaims any and all express or implied warranties of merchantability fitness for any gen- eral or particular purpose, trademark or copyright in regard to information or products contained or referred to herein. ©2010 Kiltie Corporation Printed in the U.S.A. VLS-602 4-10 6348 Hwy. 36 Blvd., Suite 1, Oakdale, MN 55128 (800) 770-4525 (651) 770-3166 office (651) 770-4089 fax www.versa-lok.com Welcome to the VERSA-LOK®Mosaic®Retaining Wall System Design and Installation Guidelines. This guide applies to both the Mosaic system and its individual units. The Mosaic system comprises three retaining wall units: VERSA-LOK Standard, VERSA-LOK Accent®, and VERSA-LOK Cobble®. Although each is an integral part of the Mosaic system, each can stand on its own as a separate-entity retaining wall system. However, there are many variables to consider when planning or constructing any retaining wall. Soil types, drainage, loading, topography and height need to be addressed on each project to ensure safe, trouble-free installation. Please note the maximum height for an unreinforced Mosaic retaining wall is 4 feet. Individual site, soil and loading conditions (including terraces) may limit unreinforced wall heights to less than 4 feet. Taller walls require soil reinforcement and engineering assistance. In addition to this guide, VERSA-LOK offers a variety of technical support, including in-house engineering assistance and reference literature. Please call (800) 770-4525 with questions about Mosaic, Accent or Cobble Retaining Wall Systems, or to request additional literature. The following technical materials were written for use of VERSA-LOK Standard units; however, the general principles apply to Mosaic walls as well. You also can download Technical Bulletins from the VERSA-LOK website at www.versa-lok.com • Technical Bulletin #1 Shoreline, Waterway and Retention Pond Protection • Technical Bulletin #2 VERSA-LOK Stairs • Technical Bulletin #3 Curves and Corners • Technical Bulletin #4 VERSA-LOK Caps • Technical Bulletin #5 Base Installation • Technical Bulletin #6 Freestanding and Vertical Walls • Technical Bulletin #7 Tiered Walls • Technical Bulletin #8 Fences, Railings and Traffic Barriers • Design and Installation Guidelines - VERSA-LOK Standard • Technical Documentation for VERSA-Grid®Soil Reinforcement • Standard and Mosaic Construction Details CD-Rom containing specifications and drawings created with AutoCAD®software AutoCad is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc. This guide is intended to illustrate design and construction capabilities of the VERSA-LOK Mosaic Retaining Wall System. There are many variables to consider, however, when planning or constructing any segmental retaining wall. Soil types, drainage, loading, topography and height need to be addressed on every project to ensure safe, trouble-free installation. Welcome to the VERSA-LOK Mosaic Retaining Wall System Design and Installation Guidelines. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES1 Welcome 1 Introduction & Unit Specifications – Mosaic®....................................................................................3 2 Mosaic System Overview ........................................................................................................................6 3 Mosaic Wall Components ........................................................................................................................7 • Foundation • Embedment • Soils and Compaction • Drainage Within Walls • Surface Drainage • Geosynthetic Reinforcement 4 Special Design Considerations ............................................................................................................10 • Shorelines • Loads Behind Walls • Tiering 5 Planning, Estimating, & Final Designs ................................................................................................11 6 Mosaic Wall Construction......................................................................................................................14 • Tools • Unit Modification • Excavation • Leveling Pad • Base Course • Installing First Course of Panels • Pinning Mosaic Panels • Installing Additional Courses of Panels • Drainage Aggregate • Compacted Soil Backfill • Geosynthetic Soil Reinforcement • Caps 7 Basic Wall Design Elements..................................................................................................................22 • Curves, Concave (Inside) Curves, Convex (Outside) Curves • Corners • Outside 90 o Corner • Outside 90 o Corner - Vertical Side Wall at Stairs • Inside 90 o Corners • Stepping Top of Wall • Stepping Base of Wall 8 Advanced Wall Features ........................................................................................................................28 • Stairs • Fences/Railings SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION Mosaic Material Estimation Worksheet ..................................................................................................29 VERSA-Grid®Estimation Charts ................................................................................................................30 Cobble®Retaining Wall System ................................................................................................................31 Accent®Retaining Wall System ................................................................................................................31 Mosaic Specifications ..........................................................................................................................32-38 Mosaic Construction Detail Drawings ..............................................................................................39-42 Table of Contents This guide demonstrates the exceptional design capabilities and easy installation methods of the VERSA-LOK Mosaic Retaining Wall System. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 2 The VERSA-LOK Mosaic Retaining Wall System represents the ultimate combination of aesthetics and performance in segmental retaining walls. The Mosaic system utilizes VERSA-LOK units of varying heights and widths to achieve a random-like pattern that closely resembles natural stone walls. Mosaic retaining walls consist of three units: Standard, Accent ®, and Cobble®. One Standard, one Cobble, and two Accent units are arranged in ten-inch-high by 24-inch-wide panels. There are four different panel configura- tions that can be arranged in any order to form a random, natural stone wall appearance. The Mosaic system provides design flexibility, durability, and ease of installation. VERSA-LOK Mosaic walls are quickly and economically assembled without mortar and do not require concrete footings. VERSA-LOK's unique hole-to-slot pinning system interlocks units and aids in alignment. Installers can easily modify the solid Mosaic units to create an unlimited variety of curves and corners, without ordering special units. Matching concrete cap units are available to finish any VERSA-LOK Mosaic wall. 1 Mosaic panels create a seemingly complex random- patterned, natural stone appearance while still providing unmatched ease in installation and design flexibility. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES3 Introduction & Unit Specifications VERSA-LOK®Mosaic ® Standard Cobble Accent Accent StandardCobble Accent Accent 10" 24" Standard Cobble Accent Accent StandardCobble Accent Accent MOSAIC PANEL CONFIGURATIONS While appearing to be randomly placed in the wall, Mosaic units are installed in simple panels. Introduction & Unit Specifications VERSA-LOK ®MOSAIC ® Solid VERSA-LOK Mosaic units provide superior durability and construction stability. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 4 1 As an attractive alternative, all three Mosaic units are offered with a weathered appearance (left). Weathered™Mosaic units undergo a special process to create a rustic old-world appearance that closely resembles natural stone. VERSA-LOK Mosaic units are made from high-strength, low-absorption concrete on concrete block machines. VERSA-LOK Mosaic units’ solid characteristics make them resistant to damage before, during, and after construction in all climates, including shoreline applications. 12" 4" 12" 12" 6" 16"16" VERSA-LOK MOSAIC UNITS (Actual unit size and weight may vary slightly by region.) Standard Accent®Cobble® Height:6 inches 152.4 mm 4 inches 101.6 mm 6 inches 152.4 mm Width (face):16 inches 406.4 mm 12 inches 304.8 mm 8 inches 203.2 mm Width (rear):14 inches 355.6 mm 8 inches 203.2 mm 6 inches 152.4 mm Depth:12 inches 304.8 mm 12 inches 304.8 mm 12 inches 304.8 mm Face Area:2/3 ft2 0.062 m2 1/3 ft2 0.031 m2 1/3 ft2 0.031 m2 Weight:82 lbs 37.19 kg 38 lbs 16.33 kg 38 lbs 17.24 kg Wgt/Face Area:123 lbs/ft2 599.84 kg/m2 108 lbs/ft2 526.77 kg/m2 114 lbs/ft2 556.13 kg/m2 12" 6" 8" VERSA-LOK MOSAIC WEATHERED (Available in most areas.) VERSA-LOK Mosaic units interlock with non-corrosive VERSA-TUFF®Snap-Off Pins. VERSA-TUFF Pins are inserted through front holes in the upper units into slots in the units below. Slots allow variation in location of vertical joints (variable bond). Generally, two VERSA-TUFF Snap-Off Pins are used for each Standard, Accent®, and Cobble® unit—eight VERSA-TUFF Pins per panel. VERSA-TUFF Snap-Off Pins are designed to accommodate varied heights of Mosaic units. The full length of VERSA-TUFF Pins is used when pinning through six-inch-high Standard and Cobble units, (Figure A). When pinning through four-inch-high Accent units, the two-inches of the VERSA-TUFF Pin remaining above the unit is easily snapped off (Figure B). 1 VERSA-LOK Mosaic units have a unique hole-to- slot pin system for easy installation and superior structural integrity. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES5 Introduction & Unit Specifications VERSA-LOK®Mosaic ® Cap A Cap B Pinning Accent to Standard/Cobble Pinning Standard/Cobble to Accent 3/4" 3/4" 4" 6" 6" 4" snap off top of pin VERSA-TUFF®SNAP-OFF PIN Length:6.8 inches 172.7 mm Snap-Off Length:4.625 inches 117.5 mm Diameter:0.48 inches 12.2 mm Material:Glass-Reinforced Nylon VERSA-TUFF Snap-off Pins accommodate varied heights of Mosaic units. Matching cap units attractively finish VERSA-LOK walls. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC PINNING VERSA-LOK CAP UNITS Weight:A Cap 40 lbs 18.14 kg B Cap 50 lbs 22.68 kg Figure A Figure B 3-5/8" 14"14" 12" 12" 16" On many projects, Mosaic retaining walls work purely as gravity systems, where unit weight, frictional forces between units, pins, and the cant of the wall combine to provide resistance to earth pressures. With level backfill and no excessive loading, most Mosaic walls are stable to four feet in height. When unit weight and frictional forces are not enough to resist soil loads, horizontal layers of geosynthetics are used to reinforce soil behind walls. With proper design and soil reinforce- ment, Mosaic walls can be constructed to heights exceeding 40 feet. Each Mosaic unit is set back 3/4-inch from the units beneath it. There are two units stacked in each ten-inch-high panel—a total setback of 1.5 inches per panel. This results in a cant of approximately 8.5 degrees from vertical. VERSA-LOK®Mosaic ® System Overview VERSA-LOK Mosaic’s unique panel system provides level courses every ten inches to easily accommodate geogrid layers used in tall wall construction. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 6 2 Reinforced Unreinforced cap unit mosaic units reinforced backfill 12" thick min. drainage aggregate geosynthetic reinforcement cap unit mosaic units VERSA-LOK®MOSAIC–TYPICAL SECTIONS Foundation Foundation soils on which walls will rest must be stiff, firm, and have sufficient capacity to support wall system weight. Any loose, soft, or compressible material must be removed and replaced with properly compacted backfill. The bearing capacity of the foundation soils should be addressed by a soils engineer. VERSA-LOK segmental retaining walls are installed on leveling pads consisting of well- graded angular gravel. The most commonly used material for leveling pads is that which is used locally as road base aggregate. Granular leveling pads provide stiff yet somewhat flexible bases to distribute wall weights. Rigid concrete footings extending below frost are not required or recommended. Because VERSA-LOK units are installed without mortar, they are free to move slightly in relation to each other. Flexibility of the leveling pads and wall units accommodates freeze/thaw cycles without damage to structures. VERSA-LOK walls installed on granular leveling pads have been successfully used on projects throughout North America—including shoreline applications and walls exceeding 40 feet in height. If a contractor chooses to form leveling pads using concrete, unreinforced pads should be made of lean concrete mix (200-300 psi) and no more than two inches thick. To ensure correct VERSA-LOK unit alignment, special care needs to be taken to construct concrete pads that are exactly level. In rare situations where rigid, reinforced concrete footings are required, they should be placed below seasonal frost depths. Embedment VERSA-LOK segmental retaining walls should have one-tenth of exposed wall heights embed- ded below grade. For example, a wall with 15 feet of height exposed above grade should have a minimum of 1.5 feet buried below grade—mak- ing a total wall height of 16.5 feet. Embedment should be increased for special conditions such as slope at the toe of walls, soft foundation soils, or shoreline applications. Embedment provides enhanced wall stability and long-term protection for leveling pads. 3 Mortarless VERSA-LOK walls do not require rigid concrete footings below frost. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES7 VERSA-LOK®Mosaic ® Wall Components Compacted granular leveling pads provide stiff but flexible bases for Mosaic units. Soils and Compaction With proper design, VERSA-LOK segmental walls can be constructed within a wide variety of soil conditions. Granular soils are preferred as fill in the areas reinforced with geosynthetics; however, fine-grained soils such as clays are acceptable. Usually, coarse soils require less soil reinforcement and are easier to compact than fine soils. Problem materials like expansive clays, compressible soils, or highly organic soils (top soil) should be avoided or properly addressed in designs. Proper compaction of foundation and backfill soil is critical to long-term performance of retaining wall systems. Loose backfill will add pressure on walls, collect water, cause settlement, and will not anchor soil reinforcement materials properly. Foundation and backfill materials should be compacted to at least 95 percent of standard Proctor density. (Proctor density is the maximum density of the soil achieved in a laboratory using a standard amount of compaction effort.) Generally, construction observation and testing for proper soil type and compaction is provided by the project’s soils engineer. Drainage Within Walls Segmental retaining walls are designed assuming no hydrostatic pressure behind walls. Drainage aggregate (angular gravel, clear of fines) placed behind walls helps eliminate water accumulation. Because no mortar is used in VERSA-LOK wall construction, water is free to weep through joints of installed units. For walls greater than three feet in height, a perforated drain pipe is recommended at the base of the drainage aggregate to quickly remove large amounts of water. If high groundwater levels are anticipated or if the wall is along a shoreline, additional drainage materials behind and below reinforced fill may be required. Filter fabric may be required to prevent unwanted migration of fine soil particles into the drainage aggregate. Surface Drainage Wall sites should be graded to avoid water flows, concentrations, or pools behind retaining walls. If swales are designed at the top of walls, properly line and slope them so water is removed before it can flow down behind walls. Give special attention to sources of stormwater from building roofs, gutter downspouts, paved areas draining to one point, or valleys in topography. Be sure to guide flows from these areas away from retaining walls. Slope the soil slightly down and away from wall bases to eliminate water running along bases and eroding soil. If finish grading, landscaping, or paving is not completed immediately after wall installation, temporarily protect the wall from water runoff until adjacent construction and drainage control structures are completed. VERSA-LOK®Mosaic ® Wall Components Properly compacted soils and drainage controls are critical components of Mosaic walls. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 8 3 Geosynthetic Reinforcement Geosynthetics are durable, high-strength polymer products designed for use as soil reinforcement. Horizontal layers of geosynthetic such as VERSA-Grid®provide tensile strength to hold the reinforced soil together, so it behaves as one coherent mass. The geosynthetic reinforced soil mass becomes the retaining wall. Sufficient length and strength of geosynthetic can create a reinforced soil mass large enough and strong enough to resist destabilizing loads. Geosynthetic layers also connect the VERSA-LOK units to the reinforced soil. Geosynthetics are made from several types of polymers that resist installation damage and long-term degradation. Geosynthetics are designed to interact with the soil for anchorage against pullout and resistance to sliding. Geogrids, the most common soil reinforcement for walls, are formed with an open, grid-like configuration. Geotextiles (solid fabrics) are also used. Product specific testing determines the durability, soil interaction, and strength of each type of geosynthetic. The interaction of various geosynthetics with VERSA-LOK units (connection strength)is also tested. Geosynthetic layers must be nominally tensioned and free of wrinkles when placed. Geosynthetics are generally stronger in one direction, the roll direction. It is important that the high-strength direction be placed perpendicu- lar to the wall face, in one continuous sheet (no splices). Along the wall length and parallel to the face, adjacent sections of reinforcement are placed immediately next to each other without overlap to create 100 percent coverage with no gapping, and with special details for curves and corners. The needed type, length, vertical spacing, and strength of geosynthetic vary with each project depending on wall height, loading, slopes, and soil conditions. A professional Civil Engineer (P.E.) must prepare a final, geogrid-reinforced wall design for each project. 3 Geosynthetics such as VERSA-Grid ® reinforce backfill soils, allowing construction of stable Mosaic walls exceeding 40 feet in height. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES9 VERSA-LOK®Mosaic ® Wall Components Geosynthetics provide tensile strength to backfilled soils. Geosynthetics are designed to interact with the soil for anchorage. Shorelines VERSA-LOK®segmental retaining walls perform well in shoreline applications. However, special design considerations are often necessary to ensure that water pressures do not build up behind walls. Special provisions may include granular reinforced backfill, additional drainage aggregate, drainage behind reinforced soil masses, and filter fabric. Protection of bases from water scour, wave action, and ice may also be necessary. See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #1 for more information regarding shorelines and retention pond protection. Loads Behind Walls Surcharge loads and slopes behind walls can substantially increase amounts of required soil reinforcement. Common surcharge loads include parking areas, driveways, and building structures. For design purposes, permanent loads like buildings and slopes are considered to contribute to both destabilizing and stabilizing forces acting on walls. Dynamic forces like vehicular traffic are considered to contribute to destabilizing forces only. Often, the highest surcharge loads are caused by grading or paving equipment during construction. Heavy equipment should be kept at least three feet behind the back of retaining wall units. Soil reinforcement designs should accommodate all anticipated surcharge loads—even if they will occur infrequently or just once. Tiering Aesthetically, it may sometimes be desirable to divide large grade changes into tiered wall sections. However, upper wall tiers can add surcharge loads to lower walls and necessitate special designs. To avoid loading lower walls, upper walls must be set back horizontally at least twice the height of the lower walls. If walls are placed closer, lower walls must be designed to resist the load of upper walls. Several closely spaced tiered walls can create steep, unstable slopes. If tiered walls make a grade change steeper than 2:1 (horizontal: vertical), global slope stability may need to be reviewed by a qualified soils engineer. See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #7 for more information regarding tiered wall construction. Special Design Considerations With proper design, Mosaic walls can accom- modate special site conditions such as water loads, slopes or surcharges. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 10 4 Planning Careful planning is critical to successful projects. Prior to design, accurate information needs to be gathered including soil conditions, proposed wall heights, topography, groundwater levels, and surface water conditions. Proper permits, owner approvals, utility clearances, and temporary easements should also be obtained in advance. Planned wall alignments should be reviewed for feasibility. Make sure that layouts account for minimum curve radii, wall setback, and area needed for geosynthetic soil reinforcement. Be sure that all wall components fit within property constraints. Verify that temporary construction excavations will not undermine foundation supports of any existing structures or utilities. Considerations should also be given to site access for equipment and materials. Estimating Accurately estimate and order required materials including VERSA-LOK®units, VERSA-TUFF® Snap-Off Pins, cap units, VERSA-LOK Concrete Adhesive, imported backfill, leveling pad materials, VERSA-Grid®geosynthetic soil reinforcement, drainage aggregate, and additional drainage materials. The Mosaic® Unit Estimation Chart on page 12 shows how to determine quantities of the various Mosaic units. See the Material Estimation Worksheet on page 29 to help determine quantities of all VERSA-LOK products. For reinforced-wall projects, the VERSA-Grid estimation charts on page 30 provide approximate amounts of geogrid soil reinforcement necessary to construct walls in various soil and loading conditions. For tall walls or complex situations, VERSA-LOK staff engineers can prepare project-specific preliminary designs for geogrid estimation purposes. 5 VERSA-LOK’s technical staff is available to assist in planning, layout, estimating, and referrals for final engineering. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES11 Planning, Estimating & Final Designs Planning, Estimating & Final Designs *This chart does not include estimates for embedded (buried) units. The quantity of embedded units (generally all Standard units) should also be added to these quantities. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 12 5 Mosaic®Unit Estimation Chart Each Mosaic panel is 1.66 square feet in wall-face area. For each panel, there is one Standard unit, two Accent®units, and one Cobble®unit. The following formulas and table may be used to estimate quantities of units required for a Mosaic retaining wall project. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC QUANTITY ESTIMATION CHART* 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet 10 inches Standard 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Cobble 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Accent 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 20 inches Standard 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Cobble 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Accent 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 30 inches Standard 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 Cobble 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 Accent 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 40 inches Standard 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 Cobble 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 Accent 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 No. of STANDARD UNITS = Wall Square Footage ÷ 1.66 No. of ACCENT UNITS = Wall Square Footage ÷ 1.66 x 2 No. of COBBLE UNITS = Wall Square Footage ÷ 1.66 Exposed Wall Length Exposed Wall Height 12" 4" 12" 12" 6" 16"16" 12" 6" 8" EACH PANEL REQUIRES 8 PINS Final Designs Final wall designs may be provided prior to putting projects out for bidding. Alternatively, wall portions of projects can be specified design/build. With design/build projects, engi- neers/architects provide wall layout information (line and grade) but not final engineering for the wall. Contractors submit bids based on this layout including estimated labor, materials, and final engineering costs. Contractors who are awarded projects retain licensed engineers to prepare final wall designs and submit shop drawings for approval from project engineers/architects. As with all proposed construction, a soils report prepared by a qualified geotechnical engineer is required to provide adequate information for proper design. The soils report should address overall stability of planned grade changes and allowable bearing capacity of foundation soils. The report should also include information about reinforced and retained soil properties. For assistance in specifying, designing, and engineering VERSA-LOK®walls, sample wall specifications are provided on pages 32 to 38 and sample construction details are provided on pages 39 to 42. Additional details and specifications are available in electronic format: Call (800) 770-4525 for more information or visit our website at www.versa-lok.com. VERSA-LOK’s technical staff is also available to assist with planning, layout, preliminary engineering, and referrals for final engineering. For walls more than four feet in height, most building codes require a final wall design prepared by a licensed Civil Engineer (P. E.) registered in that state. VERSA-LOK and its manufacturers have a network of licensed Civil Engineers who are familiar with segmental retaining wall design. These individuals are available for referrals to architects, engineers, or contractors with final wall design needs. 5 For walls over four feet high, a licensed professional civil engineer (P.E.) should prepare the final wall design. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES13 Planning, Estimating & Final Designs Tools The following tools may be helpful during construction of Mosaic® segmental retaining walls: VERSA-Lifter® Block Splitter Safety Protection Vibratory Plate Compactor Diamond-Blade Concrete Saw Caulking Gun Backhoe or Skid-Steer Loader Four-Foot Level String Line Hand Tamper Transit or Site Level Finishing Trowel Tape Measure Four-Pound Sledge Hammer Broom Brick Hammer Shovel Three-Inch Masonry Chisel The VERSA-Lifter helps installers construct VERSA-LOK®Standard retaining walls by making it easier to lift and place units — especially on the base course. Two prongs on the Lifter are inserted into pin holes in each VERSA-LOK Standard unit. Lifting the handle secures the Lifter to the unit and makes for easy, balanced lifting and placement. Mosaic ®Wall Construction VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 14 6 Unit Modification During wall construction, it may be necessary to split or cut VERSA-LOK®Mosaic®units. Splitting creates an attractive textured face on any visible sides of a Mosaic unit that matches the split-face on the front of the unit. Saw-cutting creates a smooth straight edge on a partial unit, so it can fit tightly next to adjacent units. Remember to always wear proper safety protection when performing splitting or cutting operations. To split units with a masonry chisel and hammer, mark a path on the unit’s top, bottom, and back. Score along the top and bottom paths using the chisel and a heavy hammer. Place the unit on its face and strike along the back path. It is easier to split units on the ground than on a hard surface. The unit should fracture nicely along the paths. If many splits will be required for a project, it may be helpful to rent a mechanical or hydraulic block splitter from your block supplier or rental center. Saw-cuts are normally made using a gas-powered cut-off saw with a diamond blade. Before you saw-cut a unit, mark a line on each side to be cut. Place the unit face toward you with the top side up, at a comfortable height on a stable work surface. Make a straight cut down and two to three inches into the face. Move saw to top of unit, and cut through top using successively deeper cuts. Flip unit over and finish by cutting completely through the bottom of the unit. Excavation Excavate just deeply enough to accommodate the leveling pad (which is normally 6 inches thick) and the required unit embedment below grade. When necessary, also excavate areas where geosynthetic soil reinforcement will be placed. Required unit embedment varies with wall height and site conditions. Generally, if grade in front of the wall is level, one-tenth of the exposed wall height should be buried below grade. Additional embedment may be required for special conditions including slopes in front of walls, soft foundation soils, and shoreline applications. Compact soil at the bottom of excavation—do not place Mosaic units on loose, soft, wet, or frozen soil—settlement may result. If the wall will set on previously backfilled excavations, such as utility line trenches, be sure the entire depth of existing backfill is well compacted. If necessary, over-excavate soft soils and replace with properly compacted backfill. 6 VERSA-LOK Mosaic units are easily modified by splitting for a textured face, or by saw-cutting for a smooth side. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES15 Mosaic ®Wall Construction Leveling Pad Place granular leveling pad material and compact to a smooth, level surface. Leveling pad should be at least six inches thick and 24 inches wide. It should consist of crushed stone. The most commonly used material for leveling pads is what is used locally as road base aggre- gate. To construct long sections of leveling pad, create forms by leveling and staking rectangular metal tubing along both sides of the planned pad. Place and compact granular material within these leveled forms and screed off excess. Always begin at the lowest level and work upward in situations where the planned grade along the wall front changes elevation. Use a thin layer of fine sand on top of the leveling pad for final leveling. See VERSA-LOK®Technical Bulletin #5 for more tips on leveling pad construction. Base Course Make sure that the leveling pad is level and begin placing base course units. For ease of installation, use only VERSA-LOK Standard units for the base course. This will create a uniform “platform” on which to build the Mosaic®panels. Align base units using their backs or slots, rather than their irregularly textured front faces. String lines may also be helpful when aligning straight walls. Place units side by side on the leveling pad. Fronts of adjacent units should fit tightly and unit bottoms should contact the leveling pad completely. Using a four-foot level, level all units front to back, side to side, and with adjacent units. Take time to ensure a level base course—minor unevenness in the base course will be amplified and difficult to correct after several courses of panels have been installed. After the base course has been positioned, place and compact soil backfill behind units. Also replace and compact over- excavated soil in front of the units. Backfill placed behind and in front of embedded units should consist of soil, not drainage aggregate. Mosaic ®Wall Construction Take time to ensure a level base course—minor unevenness in the base course will be amplified and difficult to correct after several courses of panels have been installed. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 16 6 Installing First Course of Panels To start the first course of panels, place two Accent®units next to each other on top of the base course units. Set the units back 3/4 inch. Insert two VERSA-TUFF®Snap-Off Pins through two of the four front holes in the Accent units so they fall into the middle slots of the VERSA-LOK®Standard base units below. Snap-off the top exposed portion of the pins. Finish this ten-inch-high, 24-inch-wide panel by placing a Standard unit and a Cobble®unit on top of the Accent units with a setback of 3/4 inch. Insert two VERSA-TUFF Snap-Off Pins through the front holes of each Standard and Cobble unit so they fall into the front slots of the Accent units below. After pinning, pull the units forward to remove any looseness in the pin connections. Check alignment at the back of the units. Adjacent to this completed panel, start the next panel by placing a Standard unit and a Cobble unit on the base course and two Accent units on top of those, pinning each unit accordingly. Alternate placing the two Accent units with the Standard/Cobble units on the bottom. Randomly mix the order of Cobble and Standard units within the panels to avoid a repetitive pattern. Continue constructing panels throughout the length of the wall. Do not proceed to the next course of panels until you have completed the entire previous course, including all pinning. Check levelness at the top of each panel, and panel to panel. Remember to sweep off the tops of installed panels to remove any debris that may interfere with laying additional courses. 6 Always install an entire ten-inch-high, four-unit panel before proceeding to the next panel on that course. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES17 Mosaic ®Wall Construction Mosaic®walls are built one panel at a time! Always install an entire ten-inch-high, four-unit panel before proceeding to the next panel on that course. Pinning Mosaic®Panels Two VERSA-TUFF®Snap-Off Pins are normally used for each unit in a Mosaic panel, making a total of eight VERSA-TUFF Pins per panel. Because of the variable bond and offset placement of panels that occurs in the Mosaic pattern, sometimes only one VERSA-TUFF Pin will fit into a lower unit—resulting in less than eight VERSA-TUFF Pins per panel. Make sure VERSA-TUFF Pins are fully seated in slots of lower units. If necessary, seat VERSA-TUFF Pins using a mallet and another VERSA-TUFF Pin. For six-inch-high Standard and Cobble®units, VERSA-TUFF Pins are fully seated when they are recessed below the top surface of units. For Accent®units, the top two inches of the pin will initially stick out of the unit. Snap off this exposed section of the VERSA-TUFF Pin by hitting the top of the pin from the side. Always pin to the front slots in the Accent and Cobble units and to rear slots in the VERSA-LOK®Standard unit. Each Mosaic unit sets back 3/4 inch from the unit below, regardless of its height. Because the completed Mosaic panel is two units high, there is a combined 1.5 inch total setback per ten-inch- high panel, resulting in an approximate 8.5 degree batter (cant) from vertical. Mosaic ®Wall Construction VERSA-LOK’s unique hole-to-slot pinning system allows for easy top-down pinning and variation in the bond of the panels. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 18 6 Installing Additional Courses of Panels When there is no fixed starting point, start the next ten-inch-high course by staggering the panels at least four inches from the vertical joints between the panels below. Patterns in the Mosaic®panels should not line up with the course below it. Vary this bond on subsequent courses of panels to create a random look. Pin units within each panel and to the panels below as described previously. When laying additional courses of panels that start at a corner, wall panel locations will be dictated by the corner panels. Pull units forward to remove any looseness in the pin connections. Check the alignment at the top of each course of panels and adjust as needed. Stack no more than two courses of panels (20 inches high) before backfilling. If too many panels are placed without backfilling, the panels will be unstable and may push out of alignment during backfilling. If course panels must fit into a limited horizontal space, adjust by placing a partial panel (less than 24 inches wide). Saw cut both top and bottom units on one side of the panel to create a panel with the needed width. Drainage Aggregate Drainage aggregate placed behind segmental retaining walls helps eliminate water accumula- tion and hydrostatic pressure behind walls. Beginning at the level of planned grade in front of the wall, place drainage aggregate between and directly behind units to a minimum thickness of 12 inches. Drainage aggregate should consist of 3/4-inch clear, free-draining, angular gravel that is free of fine dirt and soil. Do not place drainage aggregate behind units that will be embedded. For walls higher than three feet, a perforated drain pipe should be used to collect water along the base of the drainage aggregate. For some projects, such as shoreline applications, geosynthetic fabric may be required behind the drainage aggregate to prevent soils or sands from migrating into the drainage aggregate and wall face joints. 6 Each Mosaic panel should be staggered from panels below. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES19 Mosaic ®Wall Construction Compacted Soil Backfill Proper compaction of foundation and backfill soil is critical to long-term performance of retaining wall systems. Coarse soils usually require less soil reinforcement and are easier to compact than fine soils. Place soil backfill beginning directly behind drainage fill in layers no thicker than six inches. Compact soil backfill, making sure that the backfill is neither too wet nor too dry. The amount and type of effort needed for adequate backfill compaction varies with soil type and moisture content. Generally, hand-operated vibratory plate compactors can be used to achieve adequate compaction of granular soils. To avoid pushing wall units out of alignment, heavy self-propelled compaction equipment should be kept at least three feet behind back of retaining wall units. Geosynthetic Soil Reinforcement Geosynthetic soil reinforcement such as VERSA-Grid®is used to reinforce soil backfill when the weight of VERSA-LOK®units alone is not enough to resist soil pressures. Soil reinforcement type, length, and vertical spacing will vary for each project and should be specified by a qualified engineer. For the Mosaic®system, the minimum vertical spacing possible between layers of geogrid is the height of the panels, ten inches. This ten-inch increment for grid spacing should be accounted for in the final engineering design. Prepare to install soil reinforcement materials by placing Mosaic panels and backfilling up to the height of the first soil reinforcement layer specified on construction drawings. The top of each ten-inch high course of panels creates a flat surface for level geogrid placement. Lay soil reinforcement horizontally on top of compacted backfill and Mosaic panels. Geosynthetics are usually stronger in one direction. It is very important to place them in the correct direction. The strongest direction of the geosynthetic must be perpendicular to the wall face. For correct orientation, follow the geosynthetic manufacturer’s directions carefully. After positioning soil reinforcement, place the next course of Mosaic® panels on top of the soil reinforcement. Mosaic ®Wall Construction The strongest direction of the geosynthetic (almost always the roll direction) must be perpendicular to the wall face. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 20 6 Insert pins through the bottom panel units, through the geosynthetic, and into the slots of the panel below. Place drainage aggregate against the back of the units and on top of the soil reinforcement. Remove slack by pulling soil reinforcement away from the wall face and anchoring at back ends. Beginning at the drainage aggregate, place and compact soil backfill. Keep soil reinforcement taut and avoid wrinkles. Place a minimum of ten inches of soil backfill before using any tracked equipment on top of soil reinforcement. Placing soil reinforce- ment behind curves and corners requires special layout and overlapping procedures. Never overlap soil reinforcement layers directly on top of each other—always provide at least three inches of soil fill between overlapping soil reinforcement layers. See VERSA-LOK®Technical Bulletin #3 for more curve/corner soil reinforcement details. Caps Finish Mosaic retaining walls by placing stan- dard VERSA-LOK cap units along the top of the wall. Two cap units are available—Type A and Type B. Alternate A and B caps on straight walls. Use A caps for convex (outside) curves. Use B caps for concave (inside) curves. Front faces of caps may be placed flush, set back, or slightly extended over faces of VERSA-LOK Mosaic units. Caps are secured with two continu- ous, 1/4-inch beads of VERSA-LOK Concrete Adhesive placed along the top course of wall units. Set and press the caps onto these pre- pared wall units. See VERSA-LOK®Technical Bulletin #4 for more about capping. 6 Keep geosynthetic taut and remove any slack by pulling it away from the wall face. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES21 Mosaic ®Wall Construction Curves Curves in a Mosaic®wall are created by fanning apart or bringing together the backs of units. The trapezoidal shape of Mosaic units permits a wide range in radii of convex, concave, and serpentine curves. However, convex (outside) curves in Mosaic walls cannot be built tighter than an eight-foot radius. Also, concave (inside) curves built with less than a six-foot radius look ragged in appearance. An inside corner is recommended in place of a tight inside curve. When constructing curves, install each ten-inch-high panel completely before proceeding to the adjacent panel. Generally, keep the vertical joints at the front of units tight-fitting. There will, however, be some minor gapping between units in curved Mosaic walls to account for changes in curve radii as courses set back. Concave (Inside) Curves Construct concave curves by increasing spaces between the backs of units. For a smooth curve, concave curves should have a minimum six-foot radius at the bottom of the wall. Some slight gapping is needed between upper units of panels to adjust to changing radii. Upper units in a panel set back from the lower units, so upper units curve on a slightly bigger circle. Because upper units in a panel must cover longer distances, upper units must be spread out (gapped) to match the layout of the lower units. This is why it is important to build and adjust a complete ten-inch-high by 24-inch-wide panel before installing any adjacent panels. For more information on building curved walls, see VERSA-LOK®Technical Bulletin #3 – Curves and Corners. Basic Wall Design Elements Minor gapping between some units is necessary to account for changes in the curve radius as each course sets back. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 22 7 Convex (Outside) Curves Create convex curves by decreasing the space between the backs of the units. The minimum outside radius for a Mosaic®wall is eight feet at the top of the wall. Each unit sets back 3/4 inch, so panels set back a total of 1.5 inches per each ten-inch- high course. Plan ahead to ensure the radius at the top of the wall is not less than the eight-foot minimum. Upper units in a panel set back from lower units, so lower units curve on a slightly bigger circle. Because lower units must cover longer distances, lower units must be spread out (gapped) to match the layout of upper units. This is why it is important to build and adjust a complete ten- inch-high by 24-inch-wide panel before installing any adjacent panels. Corners Solid Mosaic units are easily modified to create a variety of angled corners. Always build ten-inch- high corner panels first, then work out from the corner. Overlap and interlock corners—do not miter. At the sides (ends) of corner panels, vertically align upper and lower units to create ten-inch-high joints to butt against adjacent regular panels. Specific examples of 90-degree corners are shown on pages 24-26. Various angled corners such as 45-degree corners can be built by similar methods. For information on specialty corners, contact the VERSA-LOK® technical staff. 7 To properly install Mosaic curves, build and adjust a complete panel before installing adjacent panels. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES23 Basic Wall Design Elements Outside 90o Corner For the first ten-inch high corner panel, split a Standard unit and an Accent®unit into halves. Next, cut off the backs of two of the split half units as shown (Figure A and B). Also cut or split off the rear corner of a whole Standard unit (Figure A). For the lower portion of the corner panel, place the modified half-Standard unit at the corner. Place the corner-cut Standard unit and a Cobble®unit at its sides (Figure A). For the upper portion, place the modified half- Accent unit at the corner, with whole Accent units at both sides (Figure B). Complete this ten-inch-high course by building out from the corner panel with Mosaic®panels. On the next course, install another ten-inch-high corner panel that is basically the mirror image of the first course corner panel (Figures C & D). For the remaining courses, repeat these corner panels until reaching desired wall height. Basic Wall Design Elements For each course, always build a ten-inch high corner panel first, then work out from this corner panel. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 24 7 6" 8" 111/4" 103/4" 8" 6" 103/4" 111/4" split and cut Accent unit split and cut Standard unit cut Standard unit split and cut Accent unit split and cut Standard unit cut Standard unit Second Course 10" 10" First Course UPPER LOWERA B UPPER LOWERC D First Course Second Course Outside 90o Corner at Stairs When building an outside corner at stairs, the side wall abutting the stairs should be vertical (see page 29). For the first ten-inch-high corner panel, split a Standard and an Accent®unit into halves and cut off the back of the Standard half unit as shown (Figure A). Also cut or split off the rear corner of a whole Standard unit (Figure A). Place the half-Standard unit at the corner, with a corner-cut Standard unit and a Cobble®unit at its side (Figure A). Above this, place the half-Accent unit at the corner, with whole Accent units at both sides (Figure B). On the next course, install another ten-inch-high corner panel similar to the first course panel (Figures C & D). For the remaining courses, repeat these corner panels until reaching desired wall height. 7 For corners at stairs, the front wall sets back but the side wall is vertical. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES25 Basic Wall Design Elements Corner Panels 6" 12" 103/4" 8" UPPER LOWER 10" 111/4" 6" A B UPPER LOWERC D VERSA-LOK Standard Units VERSA-LOK Mosaic Constructed 3/4" Setback VERSA-LOK Mosaic Sidewalls Constructed Vertically Cap Units Not Shown For Clarity First Course Second Course Inside 90o Corners For the first ten-inch-high course of a 90-degree inside corner, butt the left side panel into the right side panel (Figures A & B). This hides part of the right side panel that runs “wild” past the corner. Upper and lower portions of both panels meeting at the corner should have units of the same height. In the illustrations below, lower units of the first-course corner panels are all four inches high. Modify the left side panel to fit snugly against the setback in the right side panel face by saw cutting 3/4 inch off the lower unit (Figure A). Build regular Mosaic® panels out from the corner panels to complete the first course. On the second course, butt the right side panel into the left side panel and saw cut the lower right side unit (Figures C & D). For remaining courses, repeat these corner panels until reaching desired wall height. Basic Wall Design Elements For inside corners, saw-cut units in the abutting panels to fit snuggly against the setback within the adjacent panels. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 26 7 10" CUT OFF 3/4" 11-1/4" 15-1/4" CUT OFF 3/4" Cut 3/4 inch from lower panel unit to accommodate setback in face of adjacent panel. Corner Panels First Course 10" Second Course UPPER LOWERA B UPPER LOWERC D First Course Second Course Stepping Top of Wall Wall tops should step to match grade changes. If a Mosaic®wall steps down six inches, use a modified Standard unit at the transition. Split a Standard unit in half so the textured wall end will match the wall face. When a step is four inches, splitting the Accent®unit is not necessary. The sides of two cap units should also be split to maintain texture on wall ends. Stepping Base of Wall If the planned grade along the front of a Mosaic wall changes elevation, the leveling pad should be stepped in ten-inch increments to match the grade change. Always start wall construction at its lowest level and work upward. Step the leveling pad only often enough to avoid burying extra units while maintaining required minimum unit embedment. With the Mosaic pattern, always build with full ten-inch-high panels after base course installation. Some of the base course of VERSA-LOK®Standard units can show above grade without changing the random look of the wall face pattern. 7 Create attractive step-downs by splitting sides of caps and Standard units. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES27 Basic Wall Design Elements Leveling pad 6"STEP Split Cap Unit Split Standard Unit Split Cap Unit 10"STEP 4"STEP 10"STEP Embedded Base Course (standard units) Stairs Stairs with a ratio 2:1 (horizontal: vertical) can be easily installed using VERSA-LOK®Standard units and caps as stair risers and treads. Mosaic®units are used for the outside 90-degree corners and the side (return) walls next to the steps. As in most VERSA-LOK step installations, side walls will be vertical (not set back) so that both riser and tread units fit securely in the opening. Since VERSA-LOK steps are six-inches- high and the side walls are built in ten-inch-high courses, a difference in height between the side walls and top step may occur. In most Mosaic step installations, the area exposed at the side walls will be minimal. Therefore, it is generally not necessary to use the typical Mosaic panel configuration in this area. Alternating six-inch-high Standard and Cobble®units with four-inch-high Accent® courses is an easier approach to stairway side wall installation. See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #2, VERSA-LOK Stairs, for more information. Fences/Railings VERSA-LOK walls can be topped with a variety of barriers, including fences, railings, and guide rails. See VERSA-LOK Technical Bulletin #8, Fences, Railings, & Traffic Barriers, for more information. Advanced Wall Features With proper planning, Mosaic walls can nicely incorporate stairs made from VERSA-LOK Standard units and caps. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 28 8 VERSA-LOK®Standard Units Area of Wall (SF) ÷ 1.66 = Number of Standard Units __________ SF ÷ 1.66 = __________ Units Needed* VERSA-LOK®Accent®Units Area of Wall (SF) ÷ 1.66 x 2 = Number of Accent Units __________ SF ÷ 1.66 x 2 = __________ Units Needed VERSA-LOK®Cobble®Units Area of Wall (SF) ÷ 1.66 = Number of Cobble Units __________ SF ÷ 1.66 = __________ Units Needed VERSA-TUFF®Snap-Off Pins Area of wall (SF) ÷ 1.66 x 8 = Number of Pins __________ SF ÷ 1.66 x 8 = __________ Pins Needed (Base course of VERSA-LOK Standard Units does not require pins.) VERSA-LOK®Caps Lineal Feet of Wall (LF) x .86 = Number of Caps __________ LF x .86 = __________ Caps Needed straight walls - use half A caps and half B caps inside curves - use B caps outside curves - use A caps Additional caps may be needed for special splits or cuts. VERSA-LOK®Concrete Adhesive 11 oz. Tube: __________ LF ÷ 14 LF per Tube = __________ Tubes VERSA-Grid® For estimating purposes, the tables on the following page provide approximate amounts of VERSA-Grid soil reinforcement needed to construct walls in certain soil and loading conditions. For tall walls or complex situations, VERSA-LOK staff engineers can prepare project specific preliminary designs to be used for estimation purposes. *This quantity does not include estimates for embedded (buried) units. Estimate the quantity of buried units (generally all Standard units) separately from the exposed wall. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES29 Mosaic ®Material Estimation Worksheet 1.66 Sq. Ft. VERSA-GRID®Estimation Charts VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 30 These tables are provided for estimating purposes only. They should not be used or relied upon for any application without verification of accuracy, suitability, and applicability for the use contemplated, which is the sole responsibility of the user. A final, project specific design should be prepared by a qualified, licensed, professional Civil Engineer (P.E.) based on actual site conditions. Preparation of these tables did not include consideration or analysis of global slope stability or allowable bearing capacity of foundation soils. These must be reviewed for each project by a qualified Geotechnical Engineer. There are three tables provided in this guide to help estimate geogrid for different wall loading situations – level backfill, sloping backfill, and surcharges. To estimate geogrid quantities, first look under the column appropriate for project soils, determine the height (H) of the proposed wall and read across the row (under appropriate soil column) to approximate geogrid type, number of layers, and lengths of each layer. These design charts assume the following conditions: - Uniform soil conditions - Stable foundation soils - Level grade in front of the wall - No groundwater/water loads - Slopes and loads behind the wall as shown - No additional loading behind wall (such as tiered walls, building loads, etc.) Design standards and properties used to develop these charts were: - Design methodology - in general accordance with NCMA Design Manual for SRWs - Unit weight of soil (γ) 120 pcf - Internal friction angle of soil (φ) as shown on charts - Long term design strength of the geogrid (LTDS) • VERSA-Grid VG 3.0 - 1250 lb/ft • VERSA-Grid VG 5.0 - 1875 lb/ft *Geogrids with similar LTDS and connection strengths to VERSA-LOK units can also be estimated using these charts. With some variations, the VERSA-Grid VG 3.0 charts also generally estimate quantities for Miragrid 3XT, Stratagrid 300, and Raugrid 4/2. The charts for VERSA-Grid VG 5.0 generally estimate quantities for Miragrid 5XT, Stratagrid 500, and Raugrid 6/3. Gravel (φ = 34°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 0 0 n/a 5 0.5 3.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 4.0 2 VG 3.0 7 1.0 5.0 3 VG 3.0 8 1.0 5.5 4 VG 3.0 9 1.0 6.0 4 VG 3.0 10 1.0 6.5 5 VG 3.0 12 1.0 8.0 6 VG 3.0 Sand (φ = 30°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.0 1 VG 3.0 5 0.5 4.0 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 7 1.0 5.5 3 VG 3.0 8 1.0 6.0 4 VG 3.0 9 1.0 6.5 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 7.0 5 VG 3.0 12 1.0 8.5 7 VG 3.0 Clay (φ = 28°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.0 1 VG 3.0 5 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 5.0 2 VG 3.0 7 1.0 5.5 3 VG 3.0 8 1.0 6.0 4 VG 3.0 9 1.0 6.5 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 7.0 6 VG 3.0 12 1.0 8.5 7 VG 3.0 Gravel (φ = 34°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.0 2 VG 3.0 5 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 5.0 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 6.0 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 6.5 4 VG 3.0 9 1.0 7.0 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 7.5 5 VG 3.0 12 1.0 9.0 7 VG 3.0 Sand (φ = 30°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 5 0.5 5.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 6.0 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 7.0 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 7.5 5 VG 3.0 9 1.0 8.5 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 9.0 6 VG 3.0 12 1.0 10.0 7 VG 5.0 Clay (φ = 28°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 5.5 2 VG 3.0 5 0.5 6.0 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 6.5 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 7.5 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 8.0 5 VG 3.0 9 1.0 9.0 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 9.5 6 VG 3.0 12 1.0 11.0 7 VG 5.0 Gravel (φ = 34°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.0 1 VG 3.0 5 0.5 4.0 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 4.5 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 5.5 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 6.0 4 VG 3.0 9 1.0 6.5 5 VG 3.0 10 1.0 7.5 6 VG 3.0 12 1.0 8.5 7 VG 3.0 Sand (φ = 30°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.5 1 VG 3.0 5 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 5.5 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 6.5 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 7.0 5 VG 3.0 9 1.0 8.0 6 VG 3.0 10 1.0 8.5 6 VG 3.0 12 1.0 10.0 7 VG 5.0 Clay (φ = 28°) H (feet) D (feet) L (feet) layers VERSA-Grid 4 0.5 4.5 2 VG 3.0 5 0.5 5.5 2 VG 3.0 6 0.5 6.0 3 VG 3.0 7 1.0 8.0 4 VG 3.0 8 1.0 9.5 5 VG 3.0 9 1.0 11.0 6 VG 3.0 10 1.0 12.0 6 VG 5.0 12 1.0 15.0 7 VG 5.0 250 psf Miragrid is a registered trademark of Nicolon Corporation. • Stratagrid is a registered trademark of Strata Systems, Inc. Raugrid is a trademark of Lückenhaus Technische Textilien GmbH and Lückenhaus North America, Inc. 20" Max H D L H D L H D L 20" Max 20" Max Level Backfill Sloping Backfill Surcharge Backfill Design Options Using VERSA-LOK®Mosaic®Units Attractive, durable retaining walls can be constructed using only VERSA-LOK Cobble or VERSA-LOK Accent units. These units offer the same features and benefits as VERSA-LOK Mosaic walls, including: • Classic split-face texture or Weathered™Series • Setback or near-vertical walls • No mortar or concrete footings required • Great options for tighter radius projects, such as planting areas and tree rings Maximum height for an unreinforced VERSA-LOK Accent or VERSA-LOK Cobble wall using a 3/4-inch setback is four feet. Maximum height for an unreinforced wall built with a near-vertical setback is two feet. Individual site, soil, and loading conditions (including terraces) may limit unreinforced wall heights to less than those stated. Taller walls require soil reinforcement and engineering assistance. Please contact your local VERSA-LOK representative if unsure about any site, soil, height, or local construction requirements. Please refer to the design and construction procedures detailed in this manual when constructing your wall. VERSA-LOK Cobble or Accent units alone are an excellent option for near vertical or tight radius walls. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES31 VERSA-LOK®Accent ®& Cobble® 12" 4" 12" 12" 6" 8" VERSA-LOK Cobble •4' 4" Min. Outside Radius •1 Unit = 38 lbs. VERSA-LOK Accent •3' 0" Min. Outside Radius •1 Unit = 36 lbs. PART 1: GENERAL 1.01 DESCRIPTION A.Work includes furnishing and installing segmental retaining wall (SRW) units to the lines and grades desig- nated on the project’s final construction drawings or as directed by the Architect/Engineer. Also included is furnishing and installing appurtenant materials required for construction of the retaining wall as shown on the construction drawings. 1.02 REFERENCE STANDARDS A.Segmental Retaining Wall Units 1. ASTM C 1372 - Standard Specification for Segmental Retaining Wall Units 2. ASTM C 140 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units B.Geosynthetic Reinforcement 1. ASTM D 4595 - Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide-Width Strip Method 2. ASTM D 5262 - Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Creep Behavior of Geosynthetics 3. GRI:GG1 - Single Rib Geogrid Tensile Strength 4. GRI:GG5 - Geogrid Pullout C.Soils 1. ASTM D 698 - Moisture Density Relationship for Soils, Standard Method 2. ASTM D 422 - Gradation of Soils 3. ASTM D 424 - Atterberg Limits of Soil D.Drainage Pipe 1. ASTM D 3034 - Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Pipe 2. ASTM D 1248 -Specification for Corrugated Plastic Pipe E.Engineering Design 1. “NCMA Design Manual for Segmental Retaining Walls,” Second Edition F.Where specifications and reference documents conflict, the Architect/Engineer shall make the final determina- tion of applicable document. 1.03 SUBMITTALS A. Material Submittals:The Contractor shall submit manufacturers’ certifications two weeks prior to start of work stating that the SRW units and geosynthetic reinforcement meet the requirements of Section 2 of this specification. B. Design Submittal:The Contractor shall submit two sets of detailed design calculations and final retaining wall plans for approval at least two weeks prior to the beginning of wall construction. All calculations and drawings shall be prepared and sealed by a professional Civil Engineer (P.E.) – (Wall Design Engineer) experi- enced in SRW design and licensed in the state where the wall is to be built. 1.04 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING A.Contractor shall check materials upon delivery to assure that specified type and grade of materials have been received and proper color and texture of SRW units have been received. B.Contractor shall prevent excessive mud, wet concrete, epoxies, and like materials that may affix themselves, from coming in contact with materials. C.Contractor shall store and handle materials in accor- dance with manufacturer’s recommendations. D.Contractor shall protect materials from damage. Damaged materials shall not be incorporated into the retaining wall. VERSA-LOK®Mosaic®Specifications Use these specifications as a guide to create your own project specifications for a premium segmental retaining wall. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 32 PART 2: MATERIALS 2.01 SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALL UNITS A.SRW units shall be machine formed, Portland Cement concrete blocks specifically designed for retaining wall applications. SRW units currently approved for this project are: VERSA-LOK Mosaic Retaining Wall System that includes three unit types:VERSA-LOK Standard units,VERSA-LOK Cobble®units and VERSA-LOK Accent®units, as manufactured by ___________________. B.Color of SRW units shall be _____________. C.Finish of SRW units shall be split face. D.SRW unit faces shall be of straight geometry. (Optional – for Weathered Mosaic) D.Finish of SRW unit faces shall be weathered split-face: a straight faced unit that is mechanically split and tumbled to create rounded edges similar in appearance to worn stone. E.SRW unit heights shall be both four and six inches. F.SRW units shall be designed to stack in ten-inch high by 24-inch-wide “panels” consisting of the three SRW unit types that can be stacked in varied patterns to create a random look. G.SRW units (not including aggregate fill in unit voids) shall provide a minimum weight of 105 psf wall face area. H.SRW units shall be solid through the full depth of the unit. I.SRW units shall have a depth (front face to rear) to height ratio of 2:1, minimum. J.SRW units shall be interlocked with connection pins, which provide 3/4-inch setback from the unit below (four and six-inch high are stacked alternately, yielding an overall 8.5 degree cant from vertical). K.SRW units shall be capable of being erected with the horizontal gap between adjacent units not exceeding 1/4 inches. L.SRW units shall be capable being installed with a continuous, level course at every ten inches of height so geosynthetic reinforcement layers can be placed level within the wall face. M.SRW units shall be capable of providing overlap of units on each successive course of a corner so that walls meeting at corner are interlocked and continuous. SRW units that require corners to be mitered shall not be allowed. N.SRW units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that would interfere with the proper placing of the unit or significantly impair the strength or perma- nence of the structure. Cracking or excessive chipping may be grounds for rejection. Units showing cracks longer than 1/2" shall not be used within the wall. Units showing chips visible at a distance of 30 feet from the wall shall not be used within the wall. O.Concrete used to manufacture SRW units shall have a minimum 28 days compressive strength of 3,000 psi and a maximum moisture absorption rate, by weight, of Eight percent as determined in accordance with ASTM C140. Compressive strength test specimens shall con- form to the saw-cut coupon provisions of ASTM C140. P.SRW units’ molded dimensions shall not differ more than 1/8 inch from that specified, in accordance with ASTM C1372. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES33 VERSA-LOK®Mosaic®Specifications 2.02 SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALL UNIT CONNECTION PINS A.SRW units shall be interlocked with VERSA-TUFF ® Snap-Off Pins, 6.8 inches in height, with a section which can snap-off, yielding a 4.6 inch high pin. The pins shall consist of glass-reinforced nylon made for the expressed use with the SRW units supplied. 2.03 GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCEMENT A.Geosynthetic reinforcement shall consist of geogrids or geotextiles manufactured as a soil reinforcement ele- ment. The manufacturers/suppliers of the geosynthetic reinforcement shall have demonstrated construction of similar size and types of segmental retaining walls on previous projects. The geosynthetic type must be approved one week prior to bid opening. Geosynthetic types currently approved for this project are: VERSA-Grid®geogrids. B.The type, strength, and placement location of the reinforcing geosynthetic shall be as determined by the Wall Design Engineer, as shown on the final, P.E. sealed retaining wall plans. 2.04 LEVELING PAD A.Material for leveling pad shall consist of compacted sand, gravel, or combination thereof (USCS soil types GP, GW, SP, & SW) and shall be a minimum of six inches in depth. Lean concrete with a strength of 200-300 psi and six inches thick maximum may also be used as a leveling pad material. The leveling pad should extend laterally at least a distance of six inches from the toe and heel of the lowermost SRW unit. 2.05 DRAINAGE AGGREGATE A.Drainage aggregate shall be angular, clean stone or granular fill meeting the following gradation as determined in accordance with ASTM D422 SIEVE SIZE PERCENT PASSING 1 inch 100 3/4 inch 75-100 No. 4 0-60 No. 40 0-50 No. 200 0-5 2.06 DRAINAGE PIPE A.The drainage collection pipe shall be a perforated or slotted PVC, or corrugated HDPE pipe.The drainage pipe may be wrapped with a geotextile to function as a filter. B.Drainage pipe shall be manufactured in accordance with ASTM D 3034 and/or ASTM D 1248. 2.07 REINFORCED (INFILL) SOIL A.The reinforced soil material shall be free of debris. Unless otherwise noted on the final, P.E. sealed, retain- ing wall plans prepared by the Wall Design Engineer, the reinforced material shall consist of the inorganic USCS soil types GP, GW, SW, SP,SM, meeting the following gra- dation, as determined in accordance with ASTM D422: SIEVE SIZE PERCENT PASSING 4 inch 100 No. 4 20-100 No. 40 0-60 No. 200 0-35 B.The maximum particle size of poorly-graded gravels (GP) (no fines) should not exceed 3/4 inch unless expressly approved by the Wall Design Engineer and the long-term design strength (LTDS) of the geosynthetic is reduced to account for additional installation damage from particles larger than this maximum. C.The plasticity of the fine fraction shall be less than 20. VERSA-LOK®Mosaic®Specifications VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 34 PART 3: DESIGN PARAMETERS 3.01 SOIL A.The following soil parameters, as determined by the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer shall be used for the preparation of the final design: (If internal friction angles are not available for the above section, the specifier can provide the USCS soil type classification for the reinforced, retained, and foundation soils and/or attach the geotechnical investigation report for this project.) B.Should the actual soil conditions observed during con- struction differ from those assumed for the design, design shall be reviewed by the Wall Design Engineer at the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer’s direction. 3.02 DESIGN A.The design analysis for the final, P.E. sealed retaining wall plans prepared by the Wall Design Engineer shall consider the external stability against sliding and over- turning, internal stability, and facial stability of the rein- forced soil mass and shall be in accordance with acceptable engineering practice and these specifica- tions.The internal and external stability analysis shall be performed in accordance with the “NCMA Design Manual for Segmental Retaining Walls,” using the rec- ommended minimum factors of safety in this manual. B.External stability analysis for bearing capacity, global stability, and total and differential settlement shall be the responsibility of the Owner and the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer. Geotechnical Engineer shall perform bearing capacity, settlement estimates, and global stability analysis based on the final wall design provided by the Wall Design Engineer and coordinate any required changes with Wall Design Engineer. C.While vertical spacing between geogrid layers may vary, it shall not exceed 20 inches maximum in the wall design. D.The geosynthetic placement in the wall design shall have 100 percent continuous coverage parallel to the wall face. Gapping between horizontally adjacent layers of geosynthetic (partial coverage) will not be allowed. PART 4: CONSTRUCTION 4.01 INSPECTION A.The Owner or Owner’s Representative is responsible for verifying that the contractor meets all the requirements of the specification. This includes all submittals for materials and design, qualifications, and proper installation of wall system. B.Contractor’s field construction supervisor shall have demonstrated experience and be qualified to direct all work at the site. 4.02 EXCAVATION A.Contractor shall excavate to the lines and grades shown on the project grading plans. Contractor shall take precautions to minimize over-excavation. Over-excavation shall be filled with compacted infill material, or as directed by the Engineer/Architect, at the Contractor’s expense. B.Contractor shall verify location of existing structures and utilities prior to excavation. Contractor shall ensure all surrounding structures are protected from the effects of wall excavation. Excavation support, if required, is the responsibility of the Contractor. 4.03 FOUNDATION PREPARATION A.Following the excavation, the foundation soil shall be examined by the Owner’s Engineer to assure actual foundation soil strength meets or exceeds the assumed design bearing strength. Soils not meeting the required strength shall be removed and replaced with infill soils, as directed by the Owner’s Engineer. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES35 VERSA-LOK®Mosaic®Specifications Unit Internal Cohesion (c) Weight Friction (γ) (pcf) Angle (φ) (degrees) Reinforced Fill:_____________ _____________ _____________ Retained Soil:_____________ _____________ _____________ Foundation Soil:_____________ _____________ _____________ 0 0 B.Foundation soil shall be proofrolled and compacted to 95 percent standard Proctor density and inspected by the Owner’s Engineer prior to placement of leveling pad materials. 4.04 LEVELING PAD CONSTRUCTION A.Leveling pad shall be placed as shown on the final, P.E. sealed retaining wall plans with a minimum thickness of six inches. The leveling pad should extend laterally at least a distance of six inches from the toe and heel of the lower most SRW unit. B.Granular leveling pad material shall be compacted to provide a firm, level bearing surface on which to place the first course of units. Well-graded sand can be used to smooth the top 1/4-to 1/2-inch of the leveling pad. Compaction will be with mechanical plate compactors to achieve 95 percent of maximum standard Proctor density (ASTM D 698). 4.05 SRW UNIT INSTALLATION A.All SRW units shall be installed at the proper elevation and orientation as shown on the final, P.E. sealed wall plans and details on the construction plans or as directed by the Wall Design Engineer. The SRW units shall be installed in general accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.The specifications and drawings shall govern in any conflict between the two requirements. B.For ease of installation, generally the base course of SRW units shall be all six-inch-high Standard units placed on the leveling pad. The units shall be leveled side-to-side, front-to-rear and with adjacent units, and aligned to ensure intimate contact with the leveling pad. The base course is the most important to ensure accurate and acceptable results. No gaps shall be left between the front of adjacent units. Alignment may be done by means of a string line or offset from base line to the back of the units. Placing panels of Mosaic direct- ly on the leveling pad is also acceptable. In this case, the entire ten-inch-high course of panels must be installed before the level and alignment can be checked. C.All excess debris shall be cleaned from top of units. D.Mosaic panels shall be placed on the units below. Each panel shall be installed completely prior to installing horizontally adjacent panels. Each Mosaic panel shall be ten inches high by 24 inches wide, consisting of one Standard unit, one Cobble®unit, and two Accent ® units. With each adjacent panel, the units at the bottom of the panels should be alternated from four-inch-high units to six-inch-high units.As an example, one panel shall have Accent units at the base of the panel with Standard and Cobble units on top. The next adjacent panel shall have the Standard and Cobble units at the bottom and Accent units on top.The order of the Cobble and Standard units shall be randomly mixed within the panels to avoid a repetitive pattern. The entire length of each ten-inch- high course of panels shall be installed before starting the next course of panels. E.Each unit in a Mosaic panel shall be pinned to the units below in the following manner: Two VERSA- TUFF ®Pins shall be inserted through the pin holes of each unit into receiving slots in units below, creating an approximate 3/4-inch setback from the unit below. Pins shall be fully seated in the pin slot below. When pinning four-inch-high Accent units, the top two inches of the 6.8-inch-high pin will initially extend above the Accent unit. The top of the pin shall be snapped-off by hitting the top of the pin from the side. Once pinned, the units shall be pushed forward to remove any looseness in the unit-to-unit connection. F.Prior to placement of next course of panels,the level and alignment of the units shall be checked and corrected, where needed. G.The next course of panels shall be placed so that it is staggered at least four inches from the vertical joints between the panels below. The patterns in the Mosaic panels generally shall not line up with the course below. The bond of the panels shall be varied on subsequent courses to create a random look. H.Layout of curves and corners shall be installed in accordance with the wall plan details or in general accordance with SRW manufacturer’s installation guide- lines. Walls meeting at corners shall be interlocked by overlapping successive courses of panels. Special cor- VERSA-LOK®Mosaic®Specifications VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 36 ner panels shall be installed such that both sides of the corner panels vertically align the upper and lower units to create ten-inch-high joints to butt against adjacent regular Mosaic panels. For each course of panels, the corner panels shall be installed first, then regular panels installed out from the corners. I.Procedures C. through G. shall be repeated until reaching top of wall units, just below the height of the cap units. Geosynthetic reinforcement, drainage materials, and reinforced backfill shall be placed in sequence with unit installation as described in Section 4.06, 4.07, and 4.08. 4.06 GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCEMENT PLACEMENT A.All geosynthetic reinforcement shall be installed at the proper elevation and orientation as shown on the final, P.E. sealed retaining wall plan profiles and details or as directed by the Wall Design Engineer. B.At the elevations shown on the final plans, (after the units, drainage material, and backfill have been placed to this elevation) the geosynthetic reinforcement shall be laid horizontally on compacted infill and on top of the concrete SRW units, to within one inch of the front face of the unit below. Embedment of the geosynthetic in the SRW units shall be consistent with SRW manufacturer’s recommendations. Correct orientation of the geosyn- thetic reinforcement shall be verified by the Contractor to be in accordance with the geosynthetic manufactur- er’s recommendations. The highest strength direction of the geosynthetic must be perpendicular to the wall face. C.Geosynthetic reinforcement layers shall be one continu- ous piece for their entire embedment length. Splicing of the geosynthetic in the design strength direction (per- pendicular to the wall face) shall not be permitted. Along the length of the wall, horizontally adjacent sections of geosynthetic reinforcement shall be butted in a manner to assure 100 percent coverage parallel to the wall face. D.Tracked construction equipment shall not be operated directly on the geosynthetic reinforcement. A minimum of six inches of backfill is required prior to operation of tracked vehicles over the geosynthetic. Turning should be kept to a minimum. Rubber-tired equipment may pass over the geosynthetic reinforcement at slow speeds (less than 5 mph). E.The geosynthetic reinforcement shall be free of wrinkles prior to placement of soil fill. The nominal tension shall be applied to the reinforcement and secured in place with staples, stakes, or by hand tensioning until reinforcement is covered by six inches of fill. 4.07 DRAINAGE MATERIALS A.Drainage aggregate shall be installed to the line, grades, and sections shown on the final P.E. sealed retaining wall plans. Drainage aggregate shall be placed to the minimum thickness shown on the construction plans between and behind units (a minimum of one cubic foot for each exposed square foot of wall face unless otherwise noted on the final wall plans). B.Drainage collection pipes shall be installed to maintain gravity flow of water outside the reinforced soil zone. The drainage collection pipe shall daylight into a storm sewer or along a slope, at an elevation lower than the lowest point of the pipe within the aggregate drain. 4.08 BACKFILL PLACEMENT A.The reinforced backfill shall be placed as shown in the final wall plans in the maximum compacted lift thickness of ten inches and shall be compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of standard Proctor density (ASTM D 698) at a moisture content within two percent of optimum. The backfill shall be placed and spread in such a manner as to eliminate wrinkles or movement of the geosynthetic reinforcement and the SRW units. B.Only hand-operated compaction equipment shall be allowed within three feet of the back of the wall units. Compaction within the three feet behind the wall units shall be achieved by at least three passes of a lightweight mechanical tamper, plate, or roller. VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES37 VERSA-LOK®Mosaic®Specifications C.At the end of each day’s operation, the Contractor shall slope the last level of backfill away from the wall facing and rein- forced backfill to direct water runoff away from the wall face. D.At completion of wall construction, backfill shall be placed level with final top of wall elevation. If final grad- ing, paving, landscaping, and/or storm drainage installa- tion adjacent to the wallis not placed immediately after wall completion, temporary grading and drainage shall be provided to ensure water runoff is not directed at the wall nor allowed to collect or pond behind the wall until final construction adjacent to the wall is completed. 4.09 SRW CAPS A.SRW caps shall be properly aligned and glued to underlying units with VERSA-LOK concrete adhesive, a flexible, high-strength adhesive. Rigid adhesive or mortar are not acceptable. B.Caps shall overhang the top course of units by 3/4 to one inch. Slight variation in overhang is allowed to cor- rect alignment at the top of the wall. 4.10 CONSTRUCTION ADJACENT TO COMPLETED WALL A.The Owner or Owner’s Representative is responsible for ensuring that construction by others adjacent to the wall does not disturb the wall or place temporary construc- tion loads on the wall that exceed design loads, includ- ing loads such as water pressure, temporary grades, or equipment loading. Heavy paving or grading equipment shall be kept a minimum of three feet behind the back of the wall face. Equipment with wheel loads in excess of 150 psf live load shall not be operated within ten feet of the face of the retaining wall during construction adjacent to the wall. Care should be taken by the General Contractor to ensure water runoff is directed away from the wall structure until final grading and sur- face drainage collection systems are completed. VERSA-LOK®Mosaic®Specifications VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 38 VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES39 VERSA-LOK®Mosaic® Construction Details VERSA-LOK ®Mosaic ® Construction Details VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 40 VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES41 VERSA-LOK®Mosaic® Construction Details VERSA-LOK ®Mosaic ® Construction Details VERSA-LOK MOSAIC DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 42 City of Arlington Council Agenda Bill AGENDA ITEM: ATTACHMENT D COUNCIL MEETING DATE: June 27, 2011 SUBJECT: Collection on Unpaid (Delinquent) Billings DEPARTMENT OF ORIGIN: Contact Jim Chase, Finance Department 403-3422 ATTACHMENTS: Annual EMS Collection Statistics and Explanation of Categories RCW 19.16.500 for collecting Public Debt Current Application for Financial Assistance 2011 Poverty Level chart EXPENDITURES REQUESTED: N/A BUDGET CATEGORY: N/A LEGAL REVIEW: N/A DESCRIPTION: Contract with Collection Agency to further pursue outstanding amounts owed to the City. HISTORY: The City Receives payment for a variety of services and goods. Some who receive a bill for goods (Utility related) and services (EMS related) fail to pay. We owe it to our taxpayers to try to formally collect those amounts owing. COMMITTEE REVIEW AND ACTION: Enter into a contract with a Collection Agency to collect delinquent amounts owing. ALTERNATIVES: Do nothing. RECOMMENDED MOTION: Authorize the Mayor (or designee: Finance Director) to enter into a contract with a Collection Agency to pursue collection of delinquent amounts owing to the City. MEMORANDUM Date: June 3, 2011 To: Margaret Larson, Mayor Allen Johnson, City Administrator City Council From: Jim Chase, Finance Director Re: Collection of unpaid amounts due to the City Attached is the Annual Collection Statistics report from System Design, the company the City uses to bill for Ambulance calls. From the report you can see that we have “Charges” $1,381,879 for the past 12 months for Ambulance Transport Fees. From those billings, we have received $694,532 in “Payments”. Insurance companies, Medicare and Medicaid have not paid or “Disallowed” $445,610. That leaves $40,652 left “Uncollected” and there is $201,083 in the “Pending” or unpaid column. A portion of the amount in the “Uncollected” column also includes billing amounts we have agreed to waive due to the patient claiming poverty and providing us with requested documents to substantiate that claim. The billing of transports and collecting from insurance companies and from other sources (Medicare and Medicaid) takes more time than as one might expect. On the report you can see the “Uncollected” amounts from the months in 2010 is higher than the months in 2011. It simply takes a while for the insurance companies and the government agencies to process all the claims. In the grand scheme of things, our eventual write offs look to be much greater than the $40,652 indicated in the Uncollected column. That number is only about 2.94% of total charges. We are still trying to collect on those pending amounts. But as you can see from May through August of 2010, “Uncollected” amounts range from 4 to 9% when those charges are actually written off. I suspect that when all is said and done, the $40,652 figure will probably more likely be about $150,000 per year. The year end 2010 number for uncollected write-offs was $144,800. Collecting any portion of that would be beneficial to the EMS Fund. I have attached a description of the various columns on the report, provided by System Design. System Design is not a collection company. They are a billing company. They send and resend delinquent bills and try to make telephone contact with the patients until they determine their efforts are not cost effective. They also send poverty waiver application forms to the patients who request that assistance. Those applications are reviewed and approved by our Medical Services Administrator (Doug Schmidt). In 2010 those write-offs totaled $9,744. When System Design determines an account to be uncollectible, we would refer those for formal collection. The faster we can get the delinquent accounts to a collection company, the better the results will be. Some people have probably come to realize that there have been no consequences in not paying these delinquent amounts. When the accounts are formally given to a collection company to proceed, we will be required to send a “Pre-Collection” letter, instructing the patient the account will be turned over to collection and they have 30 days to pay the amount due without further “collection” charges added to the bill. The Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 19.16.500 (also attached) authorizes collection companies to add their fee on top of our charge for collection purposes. I would also like to send to collection, any utility bills that remain owing after a customer moves out and after our own efforts to collect are unsuccessful. Prior to turning the water on for a “new” owner or tenant, we require the owner to pay any amounts owing for that location. Any amounts collected through formal collection can then be refunded to those “new” customers who paid the delinquent amounts. This would make our current rental home owners and new customers to the City much happier that we would be pursuing collection of those amounts. The Annual Collection Statistics Report is a snapshot summary of the activity on the most recent 12 months of charges. The data is organized by month based on date of service. The columns are as follows: • Charges include the total amount of all charges entered into the billing application as of the date the report was run. • Payments are the total of all payments received for each month’s charges to date. The percentage represents the payment amount divided by the charges for that month. • Levy Those clients who have a Levy program in place which covers resident taxpayer’s out of pocket costs will have this column included on their report. Balances which have been posted as “Paid by Levy” are credited here. The percentage shows what portion of each month’s charges have been paid in this way, to date. • Disallowed represents the amounts of each month’s charges that have been adjusted off as contractual write offs related to payments received from Federal and State agencies like Medicare and Medicaid. • Uncollected shows the amounts of private balances that have been adjusted off our books because the patient was not responding to billing efforts, at a dead end due to return mail, or waived at the client’s direction. Depending on the client’s policies, these balances may have been sent to a collection agency, or simply returned to the client as bad debt. The details about these balances are available in the Transaction Journal report. • Pending represents the balances remaining for each month’s charges that are still being worked and which remain on the Accounts Receivable. It should be noted that the total amount shown as pending only represents the 12 month span of the report and is not the total A/R. In summary, this report is best used to show general trends in collections, and because it does not show patient data, is suitable for public Board meeting use. When determining the overall collections rate, it is important to keep in mind that the percentages shown are only complete if the pending amount is close to zero. Those months with significant amounts pending should not be entered into any calculations for overall trends. Also, since the report is a snapshot in time, the data changes daily and should not be used to reconcile month end balances. The Month End Summary and Transaction Journal are designed for that type of use. Month Charges Payments Disallowed Uncollected Pending %%%% ANNUAL COLLECTION STATISTICS City of Arlington Fire Dept6/3/2011 Page 1 of 1 Provider All Providers Location All Locations Transaction Dates 5/1/2010-4/30/2011 105,858.00 5%55,715.04 35,698.23May 10 9,232.84 5,211.899%34%53% 97,059.00 6%53,956.11 30,829.27Jun 10 6,926.91 5,346.717%32%56% 126,732.00 3%69,402.78 41,985.35Jul 10 11,481.31 3,862.569%33%55% 122,663.00 7%65,358.43 43,928.69Aug 10 4,841.70 8,534.184%36%53% 116,132.00 12%57,716.79 40,083.94Sep 10 3,872.70 14,458.573%35%50% 99,179.00 16%57,091.47 25,532.90Oct 10 257.80 16,296.830%26%58% 132,741.00 14%67,435.38 44,439.18Nov 10 1,739.90 19,126.541%33%51% 129,523.00 11%72,226.34 43,109.62Dec 10 524.00 13,663.040%33%56% 124,012.00 15%61,574.48 43,771.16Jan 11 398.05 18,268.310%35%50% 98,466.20 19%45,849.93 33,656.62Feb 11 503.20 18,456.451%34%47% 119,934.80 24%53,997.30 35,854.11Mar 11 873.80 29,209.591%30%45% 109,579.00 44%34,207.99 26,721.84Apr 11 0.00 48,649.170%24%31% 1,381,879.00 694,532.04 445,610.91 40,652.21 201,083.84 Charges Pay ments Ins uranc e Dis allow ed Pr iv ate Unc ollec ted A pr 11Mar 11Feb 11Jan 11Dec 10Nov 10Oct 10Sep 10Aug 10Jul 10Jun 10May 10 130,000 120,000 110,000 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 All amounts shown relate directly to each month's charges. They will not reconcile to monthly deposit reports. 2011 Federal Poverty Level The benefit levels of many low-income assistance programs are based on these poverty guidelines. Find your family size and monthly or yearly income below to determine your FPL percentage category. Note: Pregnant women count as two people for the purpose of this chart. 48 Contiguous States and the District of Columbia % Gross Yearly Income Family Size 25%50%75%81%100%133%175%200%250%300% 1 $2,723 $5,445 $8,168 $8,821 $10,890 $14,484 $19,058 $21,780 $27,225 $32,670 2 $3,678 $7,355 $11,033 $11,915 $14,710 $19,564 $25,743 $29,420 $36,775 $44,130 3 $4,633 $9,265 $13,898 $15,009 $18,530 $24,645 $32,428 $37,060 $46,325 $55,590 4 $5,588 $11,175 $16,763 $18,104 $22,350 $29,726 $39,113 $44,700 $55,875 $67,050 5 $6,543 $13,085 $19,628 $21,198 $26,170 $34,806 $45,798 $52,340 $65,425 $78,510 6 $7,498 $14,995 $22,493 $24,292 $29,990 $39,887 $52,483 $59,980 $74,975 $89,970 7 $8,453 $16,905 $25,358 $27,386 $33,810 $44,967 $59,168 $67,620 $84,525 $101,430 8 $9,408 $18,815 $28,223 $30,480 $37,630 $50,048 $65,853 $75,260 $94,075 $112,890 % Gross Monthly Income Family Size 25%50%75%81%100%133%175%200%250%300% 1 $227 $454 $681 $735 $908 $1,207 $1,588 $1,815 $2,269 $2,723 2 $306 $613 $919 $993 $1,226 $1,630 $2,145 $2,452 $3,065 $3,678 3 $386 $772 $1,158 $1,251 $1,544 $2,054 $2,702 $3,088 $3,860 $4,633 4 $466 $931 $1,397 $1,509 $1,863 $2,477 $3,259 $3,725 $4,656 $5,588 5 $545 $1,090 $1,636 $1,766 $2,181 $2,901 $3,816 $4,362 $5,452 $6,543 6 $625 $1,250 $1,874 $2,024 $2,499 $3,324 $4,374 $4,998 $6,248 $7,498 7 $704 $1,409 $2,113 $2,282 $2,818 $3,747 $4,931 $5,635 $7,044 $8,453 8 $784 $1,568 $2,352 $2,540 $3,136 $4,171 $5,488 $6,272 $7,840 $9,048 FHCEF-005 2/11 Alaska % Gross Yearly Income Family Size 25%50%75%81%100%133%175%200%250%300% 1 $3,400 $6800 $10,200 $11,016 $13,600 $18,088 $23,800 $27,200 $34,000 $40,800 2 $4,595 $9,190 $13,785 $14,888 $18,380 $24,445 $32,165 $36,760 $45,950 $55,140 3 $5,790 $11,580 $17,370 $18,760 $23,160 $30,803 $40,530 $46,320 $57,900 $69,480 4 $6,985 $13,970 $20,955 $22,631 $27,940 $37,160 $48,895 $55,880 $69,850 $83,820 5 $8,180 $16,360 $24,540 $26,503 $32,720 $43,518 $57,260 $65,440 $81,800 $98,160 6 $9,375 $18,750 $28,125 $30,375 $37,500 $49,875 $65,625 $75,000 $93,750 $112,500 7 $10,570 $21,140 $31,710 $34,247 $42,280 $56,232 $73,990 $84,560 $105,700 $126,840 8 $11,765 $23,530 $35,295 $38,119 $47,060 $62,590 $82,355 $94,120 $117,650 $141,180 % Gross Monthly Income Family Size 25%50%75%81%100%133%175%200%250%300% 1 $283 $567 $850 $918 $1,133 $1,507 $1,983 $2,267 $2,833 $3,400 2 $383 $766 $1,149 $1,241 $1,532 $2,037 $2,680 $3,063 $3,829 $4,595 3 $483 $965 $1,448 $1,563 $1,930 $2,567 $3,378 $3,860 $4,825 $5,790 4 $582 $1,164 $1,746 $1,886 $2,328 $3,097 $4,075 $4,657 $5,821 $6,985 5 $682 $1,363 $2,045 $2,209 $2,727 $3,626 $4,772 $5,453 $6,817 $8,180 6 $781 $1,563 $2,344 $2,531 $3,125 $4,156 $5,469 $6,250 $7,813 $9,375 7 $881 $1,762 $2,643 $2,854 $3,523 $4,686 $6,166 $7,047 $8,808 $10,570 8 $980 $1,961 $2,941 $3,177 $3,922 $5,216 $6,863 $7,843 $9,804 $11,765 Hawaii % Gross Yearly Income Family Size 25%50%75%81%100%133%175%200%250%300% 1 $3,135 $6,270 $9,405 $10,157 $12,540 $16,678 $21,945 $25,080 $31,350 $37,620 2 $4,233 $8,465 $12,698 $13,713 $16,930 $22,517 $29,628 $33,860 $42,325 $50,790 3 $5,330 $10,660 $15,990 $17,269 $21,320 $28,356 $37,910 $42,640 $53,300 $63,960 4 $6,428 $12,855 $19,283 $20,825 $25,710 $34,194 $44,993 $51,420 $64,275 $77,130 5 $7,525 $15,050 $22,575 $24,381 $30,100 $40,033 $52,675 $60,200 $75,250 $90,300 6 $8,623 $17,245 $25,868 $27,937 $34,490 $45,872 $60,358 $68,980 $86,225 $103,470 7 $9,720 $19,440 $29,160 $31,493 $38,880 $51,710 $68,040 $77,760 $97,200 $116,640 8 $10,818 $21,635 $32,453 $35,049 $43,270 $57,549 $75,723 $86,540 $108,175 $129,810 % Gross Monthly Income Family Size 25%50%75%81%100%133%175%200%250%300% 1 $261 $523 $784 $846 $1,045 $1,390 $1,829 $2,090 $2,613 $3,135 2 $353 $705 $1,058 $1,143 $1,411 $1,876 $2,469 $2,822 $3,527 $4,233 3 $444 $888 $1,333 $1,439 $1,777 $2,363 $3,109 $3,553 $4,442 $5,330 4 $536 $1,071 $1,607 $1,735 $2,143 $2,850 $3,749 $4,285 $5,356 $6,428 5 $627 $1,254 $1,881 $2,032 $2,508 $3,336 $4,390 $5,017 $6,271 $7,525 6 $719 $1,437 $2,156 $2,328 $2,874 $3,823 $5,030 $5,748 $7,185 $8,623 7 $810 $1,620 $2,430 $2,624 $3,240 $4,309 $5,670 $6,480 $8,100 $9,720 8 $901 $1,803 $2,704 $2,921 $3,606 $4,796 $6,310 $7,212 $9,015 $10,818 Source: Federal Register Vol. 76, No. 13, January 20, 2011, pp. 3637–3638. Monthly percentage data calculated by FHCE and rounded to the nearest dollar. City of Arlington Council Agenda Bill AGENDA ITEM: ATTACHMENT E COUNCIL MEETING DATE: June 27, 2011 SUBJECT: Ordinance amending Arlington Municipal Code Chapter 8.17 regarding the keeping of livestock DEPARTMENT OF ORIGIN: Executive Contact: Kristin Banfield, 360-403-3444 ATTACHMENTS: - Ordinance adopting amendments to AMC Chapter 8.17 in strikeout format - Ordinance adopting amendments to AMC Chapter 8.17 EXPENDITURES REQUESTED: -0- BUDGET CATEGORY: LEGAL REVIEW: City Attorney has completed his review. DESCRIPTION: AMC Chapter 8.17 addresses the authorization for residents to keep livestock, chickens and bees and the regulations for doing so. Staff has prepared an ordinance reflecting the City Council’s direction that was provided at the June 13, 2011 Council meeting. Staff presented the ordinance at the June 20, 2011 meeting. Questions were raised regarding the existing language on the regulations to keep livestock within the City limits and Council requested that portion of the code be reviewed at the next workshop. Council is requested to review the livestock regulations and provide direction to staff. HISTORY: City Council reviewed its options at the Council Workshop on June 13, 2011 and recommended that an ordinance be developed for final adoption based upon its direction. Council requested additional review at the June 20, 2011 Council meeting with respect to the keeping of livestock and the regulations for doing so. ALTERNATIVES: Remand to staff for further revision. Council is requested to provide specific guidance should further revision be requested. RECOMMENDED ACTION: No action at this time. ORDINANCE NO. 2011-xxx ORDINANCE NO. 2011-xxx AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF ARLINGTON, WASHINGTON AMENDING CHAPTER 8.17 OF THE ARLINGTON MUNICIPAL CODE REGARDING CHICKEN AND BEE KEEPING REGULATIONS WHEREAS, the City of Arlington, Washington has the authority to adopt ordinances for the general welfare of its citizens; and WHEREAS, certain provisions of the Arlington Municipal Code are outdated and require revision; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Arlington adopted some revisions to Arlington Municipal Code Title 8 in February 2010; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Arlington has requested further revisions to Arlington Municipal Code Title 8; NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Arlington, Washington does hereby ordain as follows: Section 1. Arlington Municipal Code section 8.17.010 is amended to read as follows: 8.17.010 - Keeping animals in the city—General regulations. (a) Any person being the owner or entitled to the possession of any animal, be it livestock or of the species of rabbit, fowl or pot-bellied pig, shall be permitted to keep the same within the limits of the city except if the same is now or may be hereafter forbidden by ordinance or statute, provided that the following conditions are adhered to. (1) Livestock are prohibited in all areas other than those defined in Arlington Municipal Code Chapter 20, Table 20.40-1, permissible use code 14.120. (2) Livestock shall be kept by securely confining the same in a stable or other building; or an enclosure surrounded by a secure, well built fence of sufficient height and strength to confine such animal therein; or the same may be securely staked out in a vacant lot in such manner that it cannot get upon any street, alley, or other public place within the city provided that the same is so confined or staked out as to effectively prevent it from getting within one hundred feet of any property line, dwelling or other building in which persons work or are accustomed to be, or near enough to the property of another to do damage thereto or commit any nuisance thereupon, specifically including bodies of water and wildlife corridors; and provided, further, that any such animal shall be considered as running at large when it breaks away from its fastenings or is herded or permitted to feed upon any public rights-of-way or public properties. ORDINANCE NO. 2011-xxx (3) All species of fowl, rabbit or pot bellied pigs shall be kept in an approved a building, pen or enclosure. (4) All such structures shall be located a minimum of twenty-five feet from any property line or adjacent residence or building, and fifty feet from any rights-of-way, public or private. (5) Any building, pen or enclosure which houses such animals shall be kept clean, healthful and free from unsanitary conditions and disagreeable odors. (6) All feed or food products shall be kept in secure, tightly sealed, rodent proof containers. (7) All manure and other refuse must be kept in secure, tightly sealed containers and disposed of at least once a week in a manner approved by the animal control officer. (b) Chickens may be kept within the city limits of Arlington, provided: (1) No more than seven (7) hens, including chickens and chicks, may be kept per single-family residential lot. (2) No roosters are allowed. (3) Henhouses, coops and chicken tractors must be set back at least ten (10) feet from any residential structure on an adjacent lot. (4) Henhouses, coops and chicken tractors shall provide for adequate shelter, be kept clean and maintained so that dust, manure and odors are not detectable beyond any property line. (5) Henhouses, coops and chicken tractors including chicken runs shall not exceed two hundred (200) square feet in size and shall not exceed seven (7) feet in height at the structure’s highest point. (bc) Hives or colonies of bees shall be kept in a manner in which they are inaccessible to the general public and so that bee movements to and from the hive do not interfere with the ordinary movements of persons on adjacent properties or the public right-of-way. Hives shall be located at least fifty feet from the nearest property line.may be kept within the city limits of Arlington, provided: (1) All colonies must be registered with the director of the department of agriculture of the state of Washington as provided in RCW 15.60.021. (2) All hives must be moveable frame hives. (3) A maximum of 2 hives are permitted if the lot is 15,000 square feet or less (4) A maximum of 5 hives are permitted if the lot is between than 15,000 square feet and 35,000 square feet ORDINANCE NO. 2011-xxx (5) A maximum of 15 hives are permitted if the lot is more than 35,000 square feet. (6) Hives may not be located within 10 feet of the property line. (cd) If any and all premises whereon any such animals are confined or kept are not kept in the manner provided in this chapter, such officer or officers shall at once notify the persons owning, possessing, or using the premises for such purpose to place the same in a safe, secure, clean, healthful, and sanitary condition, and such person shall forthwith comply with such order. (de) Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a civil infraction and upon conviction thereof shall be fined an amount as set by council resolution. Section 2. Severability. If any such provision, section, or part of this ordinance shall be adjudged to be invalid or unconstitutional, such adjudication shall not affect the validity of the ordinance as a whole or any section, provision or part thereof not adjudged invalid or unconstitutional. Section 3. Effective Date. A summary of this Ordinance consisting of its title shall be published in the official newspaper of the City, and shall take effect and be in full force five (5) days after the date of publication. PASSED by the City Council of the City of Arlington and APPROVED by the Mayor this ______ day of _____________________, 2011. CITY OF ARLINGTON ______________________________ Margaret Larson, Mayor ATTEST: ___________________________________ Kristin Banfield, City Clerk APPROVED AS TO FORM: ORDINANCE NO. 2011-xxx ___________________________________ Steven J. Peiffle, City Attorney ORDINANCE NO. 2011-xxx ORDINANCE NO. 2011-xxx AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF ARLINGTON, WASHINGTON AMENDING CHAPTER 8.17 OF THE ARLINGTON MUNICIPAL CODE REGARDING CHICKEN AND BEE KEEPING REGULATIONS WHEREAS, the City of Arlington, Washington has the authority to adopt ordinances for the general welfare of its citizens; and WHEREAS, certain provisions of the Arlington Municipal Code are outdated and require revision; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Arlington adopted some revisions to Arlington Municipal Code Title 8 in February 2010; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Arlington has requested further revisions to Arlington Municipal Code Title 8; NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Arlington, Washington does hereby ordain as follows: Section 1. Arlington Municipal Code section 8.17.010 is amended to read as follows: 8.17.010 - Keeping animals in the city—General regulations. (a) Any person being the owner or entitled to the possession of any animal, be it livestock or of the species of rabbit, fowl or pot-bellied pig, shall be permitted to keep the same within the limits of the city except if the same is now or may be hereafter forbidden by ordinance or statute, provided that the following conditions are adhered to. (1) Livestock are prohibited in all areas other than those defined in Arlington Municipal Code Chapter 20, Table 20.40-1, permissible use code 14.120. (2) Livestock shall be kept by securely confining the same in a stable or other building; or an enclosure surrounded by a secure, well built fence of sufficient height and strength to confine such animal therein; or the same may be securely staked out in a vacant lot in such manner that it cannot get upon any street, alley, or other public place within the city provided that the same is so confined or staked out as to effectively prevent it from getting within one hundred feet of any property line, dwelling or other building in which persons work or are accustomed to be, or near enough to the property of another to do damage thereto or commit any nuisance thereupon, specifically including bodies of water and wildlife corridors; and provided, further, that any such animal shall be considered as running at large when it breaks away from its fastenings or is herded or permitted to feed upon any public rights-of-way or public properties. ORDINANCE NO. 2011-xxx (3) All species of fowl, rabbit or pot bellied pigs shall be kept in a building, pen or enclosure. (4) All such structures shall be located a minimum of twenty-five feet from any property line or adjacent residence or building, and fifty feet from any rights-of-way, public or private. (5) Any building, pen or enclosure which houses such animals shall be kept clean, healthful and free from unsanitary conditions and disagreeable odors. (6) All feed or food products shall be kept in secure, tightly sealed, rodent proof containers. (7) All manure and other refuse must be kept in secure, tightly sealed containers and disposed of at least once a week in a manner approved by the animal control officer. (b) Chickens may be kept within the city limits of Arlington, provided: (1) No more than seven (7) hens, including chickens and chicks, may be kept per single-family residential lot. (2) No roosters are allowed. (3) Henhouses, coops and chicken tractors must be set back at least ten (10) feet from any residential structure on an adjacent lot. (4) Henhouses, coops and chicken tractors shall provide for adequate shelter, be kept clean and maintained so that dust, manure and odors are not detectable beyond any property line. (5) Henhouses, coops and chicken tractors including chicken runs shall not exceed two hundred (200) square feet in size and shall not exceed seven (7) feet in height at the structure’s highest point. (c) Hives or colonies of bees may be kept within the city limits of Arlington, provided: (1) All colonies must be registered with the director of the department of agriculture of the state of Washington as provided in RCW 15.60.021. (2) All hives must be moveable frame hives. (3) A maximum of 2 hives are permitted if the lot is 15,000 square feet or less (4) A maximum of 5 hives are permitted if the lot is between than 15,000 square feet and 35,000 square feet (5) A maximum of 15 hives are permitted if the lot is more than 35,000 square feet. (6) Hives may not be located within 10 feet of the property line. (d) If any and all premises whereon any such animals are confined or kept are not kept in ORDINANCE NO. 2011-xxx the manner provided in this chapter, such officer or officers shall at once notify the persons owning, possessing, or using the premises for such purpose to place the same in a safe, secure, clean, healthful, and sanitary condition, and such person shall forthwith comply with such order. (e) Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a civil infraction and upon conviction thereof shall be fined an amount as set by council resolution. Section 2. Severability. If any such provision, section, or part of this ordinance shall be adjudged to be invalid or unconstitutional, such adjudication shall not affect the validity of the ordinance as a whole or any section, provision or part thereof not adjudged invalid or unconstitutional. Section 3. Effective Date. A summary of this Ordinance consisting of its title shall be published in the official newspaper of the City, and shall take effect and be in full force five (5) days after the date of publication. PASSED by the City Council of the City of Arlington and APPROVED by the Mayor this ______ day of _____________________, 2011. CITY OF ARLINGTON ______________________________ Margaret Larson, Mayor ATTEST: ___________________________________ Kristin Banfield, City Clerk APPROVED AS TO FORM: ___________________________________ Steven J. Peiffle, City Attorney City of Arlington Council Agenda Bill AGENDA ITEM: ATTACHMENT F COUNCIL MEETING DATE: June 27, 2011 SUBJECT: Review of the 2011 WCIA Audit Results DEPARTMENT OF ORIGIN: Executive Contact: Allen Johnson, 360-403-3441 or Kristin Banfield, 360-403-3444 ATTACHMENTS: - 2011 WCIA Audit Results EXPENDITURES REQUESTED: N/A BUDGET CATEGORY: N/A LEGAL REVIEW: N/A DESCRIPTION: The City recently received the results from the 2011 WCIA Audit and will be sharing those with the Council. ALTERNATIVES: RECOMMENDED ACTION: No action is needed.